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Unit 3 Micro and Immunology > Innate Immunity > Flashcards

Innate Immunity Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

What are the two methods used to get bacteria into a phagocyte?

A

1- Direct receptor

2- Compliment

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2
Q

What are the three means of innate immunity?

A

Mechanical, chemical, microbiological

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3
Q

What is an endotoxin?

A

A component of gram - bacteria cell walls

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4
Q

What is the immunological effect of endotoxins?

A

gram negative sepsis if it happens at a systemic level

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5
Q

What end of the endotoxin contains the “toxin”?

A

The hydrophobic lipid rich end

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6
Q

Which end of the endotoxin is usually antigenic?

A

hydrophilic polysaccharide rich end

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7
Q

How are endotoxins destroyed?

A

baking at a high temperature

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8
Q

What is IL-1?

A

Interleukin 1

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9
Q

What effects does IL-1 mediate?

A

1- activate vascular endothelium
2-activated lymphocytes
3- Local tissue distruction
4- increase accessof effector cells (makes vessels leaky)

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10
Q

What are the side effects of IL-1?

A

1- Fever

2- Production of IL-6

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11
Q

What induces IL-1?

A

TNF- alpha

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12
Q

What are the local effects of TNF-alpha?

A

Activates vascular endothelium and increases vascular permeability

Increased entry of complument and cells to tissues.

Increased fluid drainage to lymph nodes

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13
Q

What are the systemic effects of TN-alpha?

A

Fever

Mobilization of metabolites

Shock

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14
Q

Where is the overlap in function between TNF-alpha and IL-1?

A

Stimulation of B cells

Inducing Fever

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15
Q

What cell receptor binds LPS?

A

CD14

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16
Q

What TLR interacts with CD14?

A

TLR4

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17
Q

What do superantigens induce?

A

Through non-specific crosslinking, superantigens induce TNF-alpha and IL-1

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18
Q

What is the compliment system?

A

A complex system of sequentially interacting serum proteins

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19
Q

What does the compliment system result in?

A

cell lysis

increased phagocytosis

functional stimulation of macrophages

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20
Q

What is the goal of the compliment system?

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A

Cleavage of C3

21
Q

What is the membrane attack complex?

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A

C5-C9 components

22
Q

What do membrane attack complexes achieve?

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A

Lysis of the target cell

23
Q

What pathway is C1 involved in?

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A

Classical pathway

24
Q

What is the structure of C1?

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A

3 proteins non covalently bound to one another

25
What does C1 bind more readily, IgG or IgM?
IgM binds more readily. Need 100X more IgG to trigger compliment.
26
What does C1s cleave?
C4 and C2
27
What happends to C4b once C4 is cleaved?
It becomes covalently attached to the microbial surface
28
What does C2a bind to?
It binds to C4b
29
What is the function of the C4bC2a complex?
cleave C3
30
Where does C3b go when it is cleaved?
accumulates of the micobial surface
31
in the alternative pathway, C3b on the cell surface binds what?
It binds D
32
What does D cleave?
It cleaves B
33
Which subunit of B stays attached to C3b?
Bb
34
For the classical pathway, what is the C3 convertase?
C4bC2a
35
For the alternative pathway, what is the C3 convertase?
C3bBb
36
What needs to happen for both pathways to be activated?
C1 needs to bind antibody
37
What does the deposition of C3b lead to?
Opsonization Clearance of Immune complexes
38
What has the ability to stabilize the C4bC2a complex on the cell surface?
properdin
39
What inactivates C3b
Factor H and Factor I
40
What disrupts the C3bBb convertase?
DAF and MCP
41
How does the compliment system destroy immune complexes?
C1 binds and then eventually the immune complex gets coated with C3b
42
Where does destruction of the immune complexes occur?
In the liver and the spleen
43
What is the function of C5a?
it is a critically important chemoattractor that causes more leukocytes to come to the area
44
What allows for the formation of C5a?
Classical: C4bC2aC2b binds and cleaves C5 Alternative: C3bBbC3b binds and cleaves C5
45
What does C5b do?
Begins the lytic pathway and attracts other factors (C6-C9) that poke holes in the membrane to form a pore
46
Which two factors act on blood vessel permeability?
C3a and C5a
47
What has the ability to inhibit C1?
C1INH
48
Which deficiencies are more severe?
Alternative (C3 or another althernative pathway factors)
49
If missing C1 what is an individual unable to do?
Clear antibody complexes

Unit 3 Micro and Immunology (25 decks)

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