Innate immunity

Question 1

1-6 hours after infection, which cells/structures of the immune system can we expect to have been active or participated?

Answer 1

1) epithelia (skin)
2) phagocytes (neutrophils and macrophages)
3) complement system
4) probably basophils, eosinophils, and mast cells

Question 2

6-12 hours after infection, which cells/structures of the immune system can we expect to have been active or participated?

Answer 2

1) NK cells

2) dendritic cells

Question 3

0-4 hrs

Answer 3

phase 1

non-induced innate/non-specific response 
preformed defenses (skin barrier, pH, proteases)

Question 4

4-96 hrs

Answer 4

phase 2

induced innate/broadly specific response
phagocytosis, complement activation, other inflammatory mechanisms, cytokine secretion

Question 5

96+ hrs

Answer 5

phase 3

induced apaptive/highly specific response 
B cells (Ab), helper T cells, cytolytic T cells

Question 6

“non specific control” vs “broadly specific control”

Answer 6

both innate responses: non specific are non-induced

broadly specific are induced innate

Question 7

Kock’s postulates

Answer 7

1) the pathogen must be present in all cases of the disease
2) the pathogen must be able to grow in pure culture
3) the pathogen must be able to infect and cause the disease in a healthy subject
4) the pathogen must be recoverable and demonstrated to be the same