INNATE IMMUNITY

Question 1

innate immunnity is

Answer 1

resist infection by means of normally present body functions

• no prior exposure
• lacks memory & specificity

Question 2

response

Answer 2

immediate

Question 3

3 lines of defense in the human body

Answer 3

1) First line of defense
2) Second line of defense
3) Third line of defense

Question 4

external defense system

Answer 4

First line of defense

Question 5

skin pH

Answer 5

pH 5.5 to 5.6

ave. 5.6

Question 6

phenomenon that normal flora keeps other microorganisms from establishin in areas of the body

Answer 6

Competitive exclusion

Question 7

internal defense system in which both cells and soluble factors play essential parts

Answer 7

2nd line of defense (innate immunity)

Question 8

composition of 2nd line of defense (innate immunity)

Answer 8

phagocytosis, inflammation, APRs, antimicrobial substances(complement, properdin, interferon alpha & beta, TNF, betalysin)

Question 9

cellular components of 2nd line of defense (innate immunity)

Answer 9

mast cells
macrophage
neutrophils
NK cells

Question 10

humoral component of

Answer 10

complement
lysozyme
interferon

Question 11

mechanism that allows recognize, remember, and respond to a specific stimulus

Answer 11

Third line of defense (Acquired immunity)

Question 12

cellular component of Third line of defense (Acquired immunity)

Answer 12

t lymp, b lymp, plasma cell

Question 13

humoral component of Third line of defense (Acquired immunity)

Answer 13

antibodies and cytokines

Question 14

normal serum constituents that increase rapidly by at least 25% due to infection, injury or trauma to the tissues

Answer 14

Acute phase Reactants

Question 15

site of production of APRs

Answer 15

hepatocytes

Question 16

cytokines are

Answer 16

intracellular signalling polypeptides

Question 17

indicator of inflammation

Answer 17

APRs

Question 18

APR/s that increase 1000x

Answer 18

CRP

Serum amyloid A

Question 19

Nonspceific indicator of inflammation

Answer 19

CRP

Question 20

CRP marker for

Answer 20

cardiac

Question 21

thought to be an antibody to the c-polysacharide of the pneumococci

Answer 21

CRP

Question 22

significant risk factor for myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke

Answer 22

HS-CRP

Question 23

Regulates removal/metabolism of cholesterol

Answer 23

Serum amyloid A

Question 24

decrease value of Alpha 1-antitrypsin

Answer 24

emphysema & Juvenile cirrhosis

Question 25

ceruloplasmin function/s

Answer 25

1. transport copper | 2. acts as Ferroxidase

Question 26

depletion of ceruloplasmin found in what condition?

Answer 26

Wilson's disease

Question 27

can convert ferrous iron(Fe2+) to ferric iron (Fe3+)

Answer 27

Ferroxidase

Question 28

overall reaction of the body to injury or invasion by a infectious agent

Answer 28

Inflammation

Question 29

primary inflammatory response

Answer 29

Vasodilation

Question 30

increase in cappilary permeability

Answer 30

Vasodilation

Question 31

movement of WBC through squeezing

Answer 31

diapedesis

Question 32

stages of inflammation

Answer 32

1. Vascular response 2. Cellular response 3. Resolution & repair

Question 33

resolution & repair is initiated by

Answer 33

fibroblast

Question 34

5 cardinal signs of inflammation

Answer 34

1. rubor (redness)-inc. blood flow 2. Dolor (pain) - nerve is pressed 3. Calor (heat) 4. Tumor (swelling) - edema 5. Functio laesa (loss of function)

Question 35

starfish larvae

Answer 35

phagocytosis is observed here by Elli Metchnikoff

Question 36

phagocytic cells

Answer 36

1. Basophils 2. Eosinophils 3. Neutrophils 4. Monocytes 5. Macrophages 6. dendritic cells

Question 37

phagocytosis is initiated as a result of

Answer 37

tissue damage

Question 38

most efficient phagocytic cells

Answer 38

Dendritic cells

Question 39

coating of cells | -"to prepare for eating"

Answer 39

opsonization

Question 40

movement of cells to certain direction under stimulation of a chemical substance such as opsonin

Answer 40

Chemotaxis

Question 41

test for chemotaxis

Answer 41

Boyden Chamber assay

Question 42

last stage of phagocytosis

Answer 42

DIGESTION / | Formation of neutrophil extracellular traps

Question 43

``` ABNORMAL = chemotactive activity NORMAL = Random activity ```

Answer 43

Job syndrome

Question 44

ABNORMAL BOTH = Chemotactic activity & Random activity

Answer 44

Lazy leukocyte

Question 45

microorganism inside the cytoplasm of cell

Answer 45

phagosome

Question 46

strongest mechanism to kill microorganism

Answer 46

Oxygen dependent/ Respiratory burst

Question 47

a disease that has impaired respiratory burst/ deficiency of NADPH oxidase

Answer 47

Chronic Granulomatous disease (CGD)

Question 48

3 TYPES OF DENDRITIC CELLS

Answer 48

1. Langerhan cells 2. interdigitating dendritic cells 3. interstitial dendrtic cells

Question 49

dendritic cells of hollow organs

Answer 49

interstitial dendrtic cells

Question 50

dendritic cells in lymphoid tissues

Answer 50

interdigitating dendritic cells

Question 51

dendritic cells in skin

Answer 51

Langerhan cells

Question 52

fusion of phagosome with lysosomal granules

Answer 52

phagolysosome

Question 53

transmembrane recptor that recognize different types of PAMPS

Answer 53

Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs)

Question 54

large groups of microorganisms recognized by PRRs

Answer 54

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS)

Question 55

antibody must attach to the ____ region for the microorganisms to bephagocytosed

Answer 55

Fc portion/region

Question 56

immune complex

Answer 56

Ag-Ab formed