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IHL Exam 1 Me > Innate Immunity (Bowden) > Flashcards

Innate Immunity (Bowden) Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

is there memory in innate immunity

A

no

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2
Q

specificity

A

for structures shared by classes of microbes (PAMP’s, DAMP’s)

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3
Q

receptors in innate

A

encodes in germline, limited diversity

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4
Q

Nonclonal distribution of receptors

A

identical receptors on all cells of the same lineage

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5
Q

discrimination of self and non self? (innate)

A

yes but not to extent that is in adaptive immunity

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6
Q

IL-3

A

acts on immature progenitors (works on myeloid or lymphoid progenitors)

made by T cells

multi lineage cytokine

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7
Q

IL-7

A

Necessary for lymphoid progenitor commitment to lymphoid lineages

necessary for survival of T cells

made by bone marrow stromal cells, fibroblasts

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8
Q

Neutrophils

A

(Polys) (pus/abscess)

multi lobed (2-5 lobes)

Primary responder (first)

highly phagocytic, short lived (6 hrs)

enzymatic activity

migrate via chemotaxis

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9
Q

Neutrophil receptors

A 
IFN gamma
chemokines
TLR's
complement (C')
mannose
scavenger
FcR IgG (CD16b)
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10
Q

Macrophages

A

In blood undifferentiated –> monocyte
in tissue differentiated –> macrophage

respond to sites of inflammation 1-2 days but survive longer than neutrophils

activated macrophages–> their phagocytosis leads to increased ROS and iNOS–> enhancing their killing ability

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11
Q

2 types of macrophages

A

Inflammatory

Resident

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12
Q

Macrophage receptors

A

TLR’s, Integrins, IFN-gamma, chemokines

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13
Q

Resident macrophages

A

Live in tissues permanently “surveillance”

osteoclasts, microglia, etc.

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14
Q

Recruited macrophage

A

includes the classically antigen activated macrophage

classically activated macrophages are involved in destroying microbes and in triggering inflammation

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15
Q

Innate immunity roles

A

Phagocytosis
wound healing
inflammation
cytokine production

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16
Q

NK cells

A

Lymphoid lineage

recognize infected, stressed, or malignant cells and kill them

secrete IFN-gamma which activated macrophages

activated by IL-12

inhibitory receptor: class I MHC

***Main anti-viral defense

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17
Q

IL-12

A

produced by macrophages

activates NK cells to secrete IFN-gamma

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18
Q

Receptors on NK cells

A

Activating receptor

Inhibitory receptor

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19
Q

Normal cells constitutively express what?

A

express activating receptor ligand

as well as class I MCH complex

soo… if a virus comes along it inhibits class I MHC expression, so the NK is not inhibited and instead activated to kill infected cells

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20
Q

Mast Cells

Study These Flashcards
A

2 types
Tissue and Mucosal

Play a key role in inflammatory process

Stimulated to degranulate (release histamine) by direct injury, chemical, alcohols

also release proteases, heparin, TNF

21
Q

What is in mast cell granules

Study These Flashcards
A

Histamine
Proteases
Heparin
TNF

these are released immediately

22
Q

What do mast cells make later (minutes)

Study These Flashcards
A

Prostaglandins

Platelet activating factor

23
Q

What do mast cells make after few hours

Study These Flashcards
A 
Interleukins 
IL-1
IL-3
IL4
IL5
IL6
IL8
TNF
24
Q

IL-5

Study These Flashcards
A

Causes Eosinophls to differentiate

25
Eosinophils
Differentiate in response to IL-5 Persist for 8-12 hours Responsible for combating multicellular parasites can run amuck easily
26
Dendritic cells
Antigen presenting cells long dendritic processes, first phagocytotic then antigen presenting Bridge between innate and adaptive immunity
27
Epithelia
Physical barrier- tight junctions Chemical barrier-defensens (antibiotics) and FA's Normal flora Specialized lymphocytes (Intraepithelial)
28
Defensens
positively charged, small Antimicrobial antibiotics mainly found in granules produced by neutrophils, Paneth cells
29
Mucosal surfaces
``` Removal of particles rapid pH changes Mucus/secretions Cilia Normal flora ```
30
PAMP's
Pathogen associated molecular patterns molecules/structures that are shared by various microbes NOT PRESENT ON SELF Microbes CANNOT mutate to evade immune response without killing themselves. so necesseary for microbe survival
31
DAMP's
Molecules released by stressed/necrotic cells undergoing necrosis that act as signals to promote/exacerbate inflammatory response Increased serum levels of DAMPS's are associated with inflammatory disease b/c they are eliciting the inflammatory response (Sepsis, Arthritis, Lupus, etc.)
32
Toll LIke receptors
TLR's activates transcription factor NF-kB which promotes expression of cytokines, endothelial adhesion molecules.... Upregulate the expression of TNF, IL1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-12 increase microbial activity, apoptosis, production defensins
33
NOD-like receptors
in the cytoplasm recognizing PAMP's and DAMP's
34
Innate immune evasion by microbes/pathogens
Resistance to phagocytosis Resistance to ROS resistance to complement activation resistance to antimicrobial peptide antibiotics
35
Luisa Ortega
extremely high white blood cell count Has Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency was given bone marrow transplant
36
Acute inflammatory response
Occurs immediately after trauma or infection to help with healing Involves: 1 Vasodilation (histamine) 2 Increased vascular permeability 3 Emigration of leukocytes from blood into damaged area
37
Edema
brings plasma proteins into intimate contact with the damaged area ``` proteins include: Clotting proteins Fibrinolytic proteins Complement system Kinin cascase (vasodilation, increases permeability of blood vessels) ```
38
P-selectin
Endothelial cells constitutively express very small amounts of this
39
L-selectin
Constitutively expressed on leukocytes in very small amounts
40
IL-8 (CxCl8)
Major chemokine involved in leukocyte migration
41
Chemokine function
Stimulate rapid increase in affinity of the leukocyte integrins for their ligands on endothelium
42
LFA-1
An integrin on leukocytes (lymphocytes) binds to ICAM-1 on the endothelium (integrin ligand)
43
ICAM-1
integrin ligand on endothelial cells upregulated and produced by endothelial in response to cytokines (IL-1 and TNF)
44
VCAM-1
integrin ligand on the endothelial that binds to VLA4 (integrin on the macrophage)
45
VLA4
Integrin on the macrophage that binds VCAM1 on endothelial
46
LAD's
Leukocyte adhesions deficiencies inherited deficiencies (autosomal recessive) deficiencies in integrins and selectin ligands lead to defective leukocyte recruitment and increased susceptibility to infection
47
Chemokine involved in macrophage recruitment
CCL2
48
Puss formation
From neutrophils

IHL Exam 1 Me (11 decks)

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