INNATE INMUNE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main functions of INMUNE SYSTEM?

A
  1. DEFENSE AGAINST INFECTION
  2. DEFENSE AGAINST NEOPLASIA
  3. PRODUCTION INFLAMMATION (TISSUE DAMAGE)
  4. RECOGNITION AND RESPONSE TO FOREIGN TISSUES.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What function of inmune system is compromised in Autoinmune disease?

A

Production of inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 2 components of innate inmune system?

A

1.Bloodborne Component
2. Physical barrier Component

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bloodborne innate system’s elements

A

Complement System
PMN
NK Cells
Monocytes
APC’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Physical barrier’s elements

A

Skin, mucosal membranes, stomach acid, saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Characteristics of the Innate Inmune System

A
  • NONSPECIFIC
  • RAPID EFFECT
  • COMPOSED OF BLOODBORNE + PHYSICAL BARRIER
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Functions of the Innate inmune system (6)

A
  1. Recruitment of inmune cells (Inflammation)
  2. Activate complement cascade
  3. Kill virus infected cells (NK CELLS)
  4. Activate Adaptive Inmune Syst (APCs)
  5. Assist in phagocytosis of foreign material
  6. Physical/Chemical barrier against agents
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which element of the Innate IS is in charge of killing VIRUS-INFECTED CELLS

A

NK Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which element of the Innate IS activates the Adaptive IS

A

Dendritic cells (APCs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which element assists in phagocytosis of foreign material

A

Complement cascade (C3b)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Via which element APCs detect microbes or tissue damage?

A

PATTERN RECOGNITION RECEPTORS
- Toll-Like Receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Once a Pattern Recognition Receptor is detected, it produces secretion of

A

CYTOKINES:
- IL-1
- TNF-alfa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Secretion of IL-1 and TNF-alfa promotes

A

Leukocyte migration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which cells of the Innate IS can detect microbes and tissue damage?

A
  • APCs
  • Marophages
  • Neutrophiles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does NK Cells recruitment is done?

A

Plasmacytoid (Specialized APCs) produce TYPE I IFN (alpha-beta)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Type I Interferon promotes

A
  • Anti viral state
  • Enhancing of NK Cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How the Innate IS activates the Adaptive IS

A

2 vias:
1. Cytokine secretion (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6)
2. APCs presents to T-Cells via MHC II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Once they find an antigen, APCs will go to ____________

A

Lymph nodes for T-Cell activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

APCs promotes T-Cell activation via __________

A

MHC II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which is the first cell in respond in bacterial/fungal infection?

A

NEUTROPHILES

21
Q

Which is the most abundant leukocyte?

A

NEUTROPHILES

22
Q

Which is the primary function of the neutrophil?

A

Phagocytosis

23
Q

Neutrophiles contain receptors for

A

Complement System
Antibodies

24
Q

Monocytes turn into ___________ when migrate to tissue

A

Macrophages

25
Macrophages before migration to tissue are located in __________ and are known as ____________
Blood / Monocytes
26
Function of the macrophages
1. Regulation of inflammation (Cytokines) 2. Phagocytosis 3.Antigen presentation to T-Cells 4. Tissue repair
27
How do Macrophage activation occur?
1. Component of microbes bind to PRR 2. Via Cytokine IFN-Gamma
28
Types of PRR
1. Toll-like receptor 2. NOD-like receptor
29
Toll-like receptors bind to
Peptidoglycan Flagellin Viral RNA
30
NOD-like receptors bind to
Biomolecules associated with cellular damage
31
What is a Dendritic cell?
- The PRIMARY APC for T-Cell (MHC II) - Link between Adaptive and Innate IS
32
Mast cells are Leukocytes characterized for
- Having large cytoplasmic granules
33
Mast cell degranulation occurs when ____________ and promotes ______________
They bind to microbial products / Secretion of Vasoactive substances and Proteolytic enzymes
34
What kind of vasoactive substances do Mast Cells produce?
HISTAMINE Sustance P
35
Which leukocyte is in charge of combatting parasytic infections?
Basophils and Eosinophils
36
NK Cells are essentially Lymphocytes without __________
T-Cell receptor
37
Besides kill virus-infected cells, NK also kills ____________
Tumor cells
38
Explain the cycle of activation between NK and Macrophages
1. NK cells promote macrophage activation by secreting INF-Gamma 2. Macrophages promote NK Cells activation by IL-15, IL-12 and Type I IFN.
39
Which Cytokines activate NK Cells
IL-12, IL-15 and Type I IFN
40
NK Cells can bind to Antibodies via
CD16
41
How do NK Cells kill virus-infected cells
1) Secretion of Granzime/Perforins for Apoptosis 2) Via Antibody dependant cellular toxicity (Bind to AB via CD16)
42
Activation of Complement System starts with
C3 is separated into C3a and C3b
43
C3b is in charge of
Profuction of Opsin by C3b = Enhancing of Phagocytosis
44
C3a is in charge of
Chemotaxis ( and activation of C5a) = Inflammation
45
Complement's C5a function
Activation of MAC Complex = Cell Lysis
46
Which components of Complement System form the MAC Complex
C6-C9
47
Pathways of Complement System Activation
1) Alternative pathway 2) Classical pathway 3) Lectin pathway
48
Which Complement activation pathway is antibody-mediated?
Classical pathway
49
Which complement activation pathway is associated to innate IS?
Alternative pathway