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USMLE INMUNOLOGY > ADAPTIVE INMUNE SYSTEM > Flashcards

ADAPTIVE INMUNE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Cellular inmunity refers to Inmunity mediated by

A

T-CELLS

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2
Q

Humoral inmunity refers to Inmunity mediated by

A

B-CELLS

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3
Q

Functions of Adaptive Inmune System

A
  1. Identification of SPECIFIC antigen and its destruction
  2. Inmune Memory for SPECIFIC antigen
  3. Clonal Expantion
  4. Lymphocyte repertorie
  5. Prevention of self-injury (Non-reactivity)
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4
Q

Clonal expantion stands for

A

A high number of Lymphocytes for a unique specific antigen

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5
Q

Lymphocyte Repertoire refers to

A

The sum of T-Cell and B-Cells RECEPTORS

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6
Q

Lympochytes with T-Cell Receptors are known as

A

T-Cells

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7
Q

T-Cell is in charge of _____________________ and are activated by ________

A

Cell mediated Inmunity / Via APCs

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8
Q

Where do T-Cells are born and where do they mature?

A

Born: Bone Marrow
Mature: Thymus

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9
Q

Final location of T-Cells

A

Spleen and Lymph Nodes

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10
Q

T-Cells can only identify Protein antigens located in ______

A

MHC Molecules

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11
Q

What is TCD4 cell?

A

T-Helper Cell

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12
Q

TCD4 cells bind to ________

A

MHC II

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13
Q

Activated TCD4 cells activates ___________

A

B-Cells and Cytotoxic T-Cells

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14
Q

What is a TCD8 cell?

A

T-Cytotoxic Cell

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15
Q

TCD8 cells bind to __________

A

MHC I

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16
Q

Activated TCD8 cells function

A

Kill infected cells by production of Granzymes and Perforins

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17
Q

What is a Regulatory T-Cell?

A

T-cell in charge of the down regulation of inumne response

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18
Q

What does a T-Cell receptor need for ACTIVATION

A

FIRST SIGNAL:
Binding of Antigen on APCs (TCR to MHC)

SECOND SIGNAL (Costimulatory signal)
Binding of CD28 (T-cell) and B7 (APCs)

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19
Q

The B7 receptor in APCs is also known as

A

CD 80/86

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20
Q

B-cells are characterized for containing ____________ on its surface

A

Antibodies

21
Q

B-cells are in charge of

A

Humoral-mediated inmunity

22
Q

How long do activation of B-Cell receptors take?

23
Q

B-cells are produced in _________

A

Bone Marrow

24
Q

B-Cells final destination once mature

A

Spleen and Lymphoid nodules

25
B-Cells only secrete Antibodies in response of
SPECIFIC ANTIGEN
26
B-cells that does not secrete antibodies are known as
Naive B-Cells
27
How is B-Cell receptor known?
ANTIBODY or INMUNOGLOBULIN
28
How does B-Cell activation occur?
1) B-Cells find a specific antigen and bind to it and charge it in its MHC II molecule 2) MHC II on B-Cells bind to TCR on TCD4 (FIRST SIGNAL) 3) CD40 on B-Cells bind to CD40L on TCD4 (SECOND SIGNAL)
29
Activated B-Cells functions:
1. Production and secretion of Antibodies 2. Classtype Switching 3. Maduration for affinity
30
What is an Antibody?
Receptors on B-Cells (also called Inmunoglobulins) that identify and neutralize pathogens.
31
Antibody structure
Made of a Light Chain (L) and a Heavy Chain (H)
32
Regions in the Antibody
1) Constant Region (Fc): Determines TYPE OF ANTIBODY and BIND TO COMPLEMENT 2)Antigen-finding region (Fab): Unique and BIND TO ANTIGEN
33
Which region of Inmunoglobulins bind to complement?
Constant region (Fc)
34
Which region of Inmunoglobulins bind to antigen?
Antigen-Finding region (Fab)
35
What kind of antibodies there are?
Monomers: IgD, IgE, IgG Dimers: IgA Pentamers: IgM
36
Most abundant Inmunoglobulin in blood
IgG
37
IgG is produced by _________
Activated B-Cells
38
Function of IgG
- Fixes complement (Classical pathway) - Opsonizes bacteria - Neutralizes toxins and viruses.
39
Which Inmunoglobulin can cross the placenta?
IgG
40
IgA is primarily found in
MUCOSAL SURFACES and SECRETIONS to prevent colonization
41
Which Inmunoglobulin does not fix to complement
IgA
42
Where are IgM found?
Surface of B-Cells
43
Which is the first Antibody produced by inmature B-Cells?
IgM
44
Why in T-Cell affecting diseases there is only IgM?
Because lack of T-Cells mean no B-Cell activation = No class switching = Only IgM
45
Fc Region of IgE binds to
Mast cells and Basophiles
46
Exposure of IgE to Antigen produce
CROSS-LINKING and Release of inflammatory mediators
47
IgE is associated with ______ Hypersensitivity and is the defense mechanism against ___________
Type I / Parasytic infection
48
What is V(D)J Recombination?
Process that generates diversity of T-Cell and B-Cell Receptors
49
V(D)J Recombination needs:
- RAG 1 - RAG 2 - TdT

USMLE INMUNOLOGY (11 decks)

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