INP Castilla Lecture

Question 1

Layers of the Meninges

Answer 1

Extradural Space => Dura Mater => Subdural Space =>Arachnoid Mater => Subarchnoid Space => Pia Mater

Question 2

Number and Organization of spinal nerves /Vertebrae

Answer 2

31, 8 Cervical (7 vertebrae), 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 1 coccygeal

Question 3

Both Sensory and Motor Signals travel through… besides the muscles of the deep back & skin of the back?

Answer 3

Anterior Rami

Question 4

Arrangement of How the Spinal nerves exit through the vertebrae?

Answer 4

C1-C7 exit superior to their vertebrae, C8 exits inferior to the C7 Vertebra, T1 onward exit inferiorly

Question 5

Nerve Plexus

Answer 5

collection of nerves of different segments with specific targets, either somatic or visceral in PNS

Question 6

Major Somatic Plexuses to Know (Voluntary)

Answer 6

Brachial Plexus - Upper Limb

Lumbosacral Plexus - Lower Limb and Pelvic region

Question 7

Visceral Plexus (Involuntary)

Answer 7

target specific visceral organs, receiver contribution from sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves

Question 8

Cervical Plexus

Answer 8

Ant Rami of C1-C4 Spinal Nerves
-Innervate muscles in neck/cutaneous to neck and head
Contains ANSA CERVICALIS and PHRENIC NERVE

Question 9

Cauda Equina

Answer 9

tail of nerves that comes after the conus medularis (end of spinal cord)

Question 10

The Spinal cord is enlarged in what two areas and what do they innervate?

Answer 10

Cervical => innervates the arms

lumbar => innervates the legs

Question 11

Space outside of the meninges containing vessels, nerves, and fat. Fills space within vertebral canal

Answer 11

Extradural space

Question 12

Tough outermost covering of the meninges

Answer 12

Dura mater

Question 13

Potential space in pathological situations

Answer 13

Subdural space

Question 14

Thin meshword membrane that abuts the dura

Answer 14

arachnoid mater

Question 15

space in meninges that contains cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 15

subarachnoid space

Question 16

thin membrane that adheres to the spinal cord

Answer 16

pia mater

Question 17

Where do we do a lumbar puncture and why?

Answer 17

Between L3 and L4 vertebra, so we do not damage the spinal cord

Question 18

If we feel an itch what is the nerve signaling pathway

Answer 18

Anterior rami => spinal nerve => posterior root =>anterior root => anterior rami

Question 19

Typical components within a spinal nerve?

Answer 19

Somatic sensory, visceral sensory, autonomic motor, somatic motor

Question 20

Splanchnic Nerves

Answer 20

innervate many visceral organ systems throughout body

Question 21

Ansa Cervicalis

Answer 21

part of the cervical plexus it innervates some strap muscles

Question 22

Phrenic nerve

Answer 22

part of the cervical plexus it provides somatic motor innervation to the diaphragm (C3,4,5) keeps diagphragm alive

Question 23

complex collection of nerves from the spinal cord travelling through the neck and axilla to innervate muscles of the skin in the upper limb and shoulder

Answer 23

Brachial Plexus

Question 24

What plexus is formed from the anterior rami of the C5 - T1 Spinal segments

Answer 24

Brachial Plexus

Question 25

How is the brachial plexus divided proximal to distal

Answer 25

Roots => Trunks => Divisions => Cords => Branches

Question 26

What nerve of the brachial plexus innervates the Anterior Arm Compartment, and skin over the lateral forearm

Answer 26

Musculocutaneous

Question 27

What nerve of the brachial plexus innervates most of the anterior compartment of the forearm, and some muscles (thumb muscles) of the hand, and some skin of the hand

Answer 27

Median

Question 28

What nerve of the brachial plexus innervates a little of the anterior forearm, and most of the muscles of the had, and some skin of the hand

Answer 28

Ulnar

Question 29

What nerve of the brachial plexus innervates the posterior compartment of the arom and forearm and skin over the posterior upper extremities.

Answer 29

Radial

Question 30

What nerve of the brachial plexus controls flexion of the elbow?

Answer 30

Musculocutaneous

Question 31

What nerve of the brachial plexus controls flexing of the wrist and some fingers/thumb?

Answer 31

Median nerve

Question 32

What nerve of the brachial plexus controls movement of the hand?

Answer 32

Ulnar

Question 33

What nerve of the brachial plexus controls extension of the elbow and wrist?

Answer 33

Radial

Question 34

Upper Brachial Plexus injury?

Answer 34

Neck injury, damages Musculocutaneous Nerve, patient cant flex the elbow

Question 35

Lower Brachial Plexus Injury?

Answer 35

Armpit injury, damages ulnar nerve, weak hand motions

Question 36

Intercostal Nerves

Answer 36

Anterior rami of thoracic spinal nerves, DO NOT FORM PLEXUS, Somatic motor innervation to intercostal muscles, lower continue to innervate ab wall muscles, Cutaneous dermatomes of trunk

Question 37

Lumbosacral Plexus

Answer 37

Lower limb and Gluteal System, conects the two plexuses

Question 38

What are the nerves of the Lumbosacral Plexus

Answer 38

``` Femoral nerve - Obturator Nerve, Sciatic Nerve -Tibial Nerve -Common Fibular Nerve Pudendal Nerve ```

Question 39

Which nerve of the Lumboscarcal Plexus innervates the anterior thigh and what is its function?

Answer 39

Femoral, extension of knee

Question 40

Which nerve of the Lumboscarcal Plexus innervates the medial thigh, and what is its function?

Answer 40

Obturator, adduct legs

Question 41

Which nerve of the Lumboscarcal Plexus innervates the posterior thigh, leg, foot and what is its function?

Answer 41

Sciatic nerve, has a tibial and fibular branch

Question 42

What branch of the sciatic nerve innervates the posterior legan and most of foot?

Answer 42

Tibial Nerve

Question 43

What branch of the sicatic nerve innervates the anterior and lateral leg?

Answer 43

Common Fibular Nerve

Question 44

What is the "shameful nerve" and what does it innervate?

Answer 44

pudendal, it inervates the perineum and external genitalia | function: somatic sensory to erectile tissue and muscles of continence

Question 45

Pain perceived at a location that is not injury site?

Answer 45

perceived pain

Question 46

Why does perceived pain happen?

Answer 46

Incoming signals from visceral and somatic afferents coming to the same spinal segment "confuse" the brain into thinking that the visceral pain is coming from elsewhere.

Question 47

Appendix and Heart perceived pain sites?

Answer 47

Pain on belly button, pain on Upper limb