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INS And GPS Flashcards

1
Q

Is INS a self contained system?

A

Yes

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2
Q

Can INS be restarted once in Flight?

A

No

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3
Q

How many systems are in INS for redundancy protection?

A

3

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4
Q

What is the basic principle of INS?

A

If you know where an a/c starts from and how far it has moved in any given
Direction then you will also know it’s current position

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5
Q

What movement is along the X-Axis?

A

Forward

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6
Q

What movement is along the Y axis?

A

Sideways

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7
Q

What movement is along the Z axis?

A

Vertically

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8
Q

How is the amount of movement obtained by INS?

A

A) Acceleration in each direction(acceleration=change in velocity)

B)Duration of application

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9
Q

During interrogation what input does the computer continuously receive?

A

Input form the aircraft’s magnetic compass system

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10
Q

How does the INS interrogation interpret movement?

A

Relation to change of latitude and longitude

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11
Q

What information does INS store?

A

1) Beacon Position
2) Airspace Boundaries
3) Airfield Locations
4) Reporting Positions

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12
Q

What are

1) Beacon Position
2) Airspace Boundaries
3) Airfield Locations
4) Reporting Positions?

A

Waypoints

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13
Q

What are the flight deck display options available, list all 8

A

1) A/C track n Groundspeed (TR/GS)
2) Heading n Drift angle (HDG/DA)
3) Distance of Track and track angle error (XTR/TRE)
4) Current Position
5) Distance n Time to next way point(DIS/TIME)
6) !Current wind velocity (WIND)
7) Desired Track next to way point system status (DSRTR/STS)
8) Waypoint intersection and viewing (WAY/PT)

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14
Q

What does the internal Platform contain?

A

A gyroscope that ensures it remains level with regards to surface of the earth.

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15
Q

What do modern inertial platforms incorporate?

A

Laser ring gyroscopes

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16
Q

Why have laser ring gyroscopes been incorporated?

A

To eliminate the problem of drift.

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17
Q

What does the pilot do to his INS prior to taxiing?

A

Switches on the INS and input s the lat and long, selects align

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18
Q

During alignment the platform levels itself out, True or False?

A

True.

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19
Q

On completion of alignment the system is selected to nav, True or False?

A

True.

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20
Q

Any movement of the aircraft prior to electing nav will invalidate the alignment. True or False?

A

True

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21
Q

What is INS in general?

A

A stand alone system that uses accelerometers on a gyroscopic platform to calculate movement in all 3 dimensions.

22
Q

What does GPS stand for?

A

Global Positioning System

23
Q

What is GPS?

A

A Satellite based navigation system made up of a network of up to 32 satellites (places in space by US)

24
Q

What is GLONASS

A

24 Satellite System in place by Russia

25
Q

How often do GPS satellites circle the earth?

A

Every 12 hours

26
Q

GOS Satellites transmit information to earth. GPS receivers take Information and use triangulation to calculate the users exact location.
True or False?

A

True.

27
Q

What does a GPS receiver do?

A

Compares time a signal was transmitted with time it was received. Difference tells receiver how far away the satellite is.

28
Q

GPS is capable of precision approach guidance down to CAT 1.
True or False?

A

True.

29
Q

The more satellites in view the more accurate the position. True or False?

A

True

30
Q

List the 6 Errors GPS is victim to?

A

1) Ionosphere + Troposphere delays
2) Orbital Errors
3) Receiver Clock Errors
4) Number of Satellites Visible
5) Satellite Geometry/Shading
6) Single Multi-Path

31
Q

What are ionosphere n Troposphere delays?

A

Satellite signals slow as they pass through the atmosphere. (Satellites use a built in average amount of delay)

32
Q

What are orbital errors?(ephemeris errors)

A

Inaccuracies of satellite reported position

33
Q

What is receiver clock errors?

A

Built in clock can have very slight timing errors

34
Q

What is number of satellites visible error?

A

Operates line of sight, of out of sight will cause errors/no position report

35
Q

What is Satellite geometry/shading?

A

Ideal satellite geometry exists when satellites are located at wide angles.

Poor geometry exists when satellites are located in a line/tightly grouped

36
Q

What is single-multi path error?

A

Occurs when GPS signal is reflected off objects such as tall buildings before reaching receiver. Increase travel time if receiver.

37
Q

What are the 3 methods for correcting errors?

A

1) Airborne based augmentation System (ABAS)
2) Ground based augmentation System (GBAS)
3) Satellite based augmentation System (SBAS)

38
Q

What does ABAS do?

A

Augments and/or interrogates the information obtained from GNSS elements with other information available on the aircraft

39
Q

List the two types of ABAS techniques

A

1) Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)

2) Airborne autonomous integrity monitoring (AAIM)

40
Q

RAIM GNSS receiver/processor determines the integrity of the GNSS signals without reference to sensors/integrity System other than the receiver itself. Achieved by a check among redundant pseudo range measurement

A

True

41
Q

AAIM is where GNSS Information is complemented with on-board sensors and other components

A

True

42
Q

What is ground based augmentation System (GBAS)

A

It is the European system of Local area augmentation System (LAAS)

43
Q

What is DGPS

A

Differential GPS

44
Q

What does DGPS do?

A

Combines a GPS receiver with a DGPS receiver to create a reference station.
Reference station is a known location and can be determined without any errors.

45
Q

What is differential correction?

A

The difference between the measured and calculated ranges of each satellites from the reference station.

46
Q

The differential corrections for each tracked satellite are formulated/formatted and transmitted to DGPS receivers. The corrections are then applied to the GPS receivers calculations, removing many of the common errors and improving accuracy.

A

True

47
Q

What is Satellite based augmentation System (SBAS)?

A

A term for GNSS augmentation me which use geostationary satellites to broadcast information to users over a large geographical area.

Similar to DGPS but uses two satellites to further correct readings with ground stations

48
Q

What is the European SBAS?

A

EGNOS

49
Q

What is GPS jamming?

A

Military will occasionally practise jamming and a NOTAM will be published

50
Q

When will Galileo be operational?

A

Circa 2020

51
Q

What is Galileo?

A

A global navigation satellite system (GNSS)
Currently being built by the EU and European Space Agency.
Cost €3.4 billion

Navigation (16 decks)

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