Inservice Week 4

Question 1

Bvm ippv complications

Answer 1

Barotrauma, gastric distension (overcomes cardiac sphincter), hypotension

Question 2

Expiratory assistance complications

Answer 2

Hypotension, broken ribs

Question 3

Expiratory assistance indications

Answer 3

Asthma with severe dyspnoea

Question 4

Cricoid pressure indications

Answer 4

Indications:
1. To prevent reflux of gastric contents and pulmonary aspiration during endotracheal intubation.
2. To provide a clearer view of the vocal cords during difficult intubation.

Question 5

Cricoid pressure method

Answer 5

The thumb and forefinger are placed over the cricoid cartilage. This is directly below the prominent thyroid cartilage (Adam’s apple). Gentle but firm pressure is applied directly posteriorly so that the oesophagus is occluded between the cricoid cartilage and the spine. Pressure is maintained until such time as the endotracheal tube is in situ, the cuff is inflated and test ventilation confirms that the tube is in the trachea. (Fig 1)

Question 6

Indications for naso

Answer 6

1. Upper airway obstruction. It is especially useful in situations where an oral airway cannot be used eg:
   - Trismus
   • Seizures
   • Severely swollen tongue (Anaphylaxis)
   • Injuries to the mouth

Question 7

Naso complications

Answer 7

• Epistaxis
• Nasal injury
• If base of skull fracture is suspected use with caution

Question 8

Bvm ippv indications

Answer 8

Hypoventilation, severe pulmonary oedema