Inside Atoms

Question 1

What is an atom made up of?

Answer 1

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 2

Where is the nucleus located in an atom?

Answer 2

At the center of the atom

Question 3

What charge does the nucleus have?

Answer 3

Positive charge (due to protons)

Question 4

What is the relative charge of a proton?

Answer 4

+1

Question 5

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

Answer 5

0 (neutral)

Question 6

What is the relative charge of an electron?

Answer 6

-1

Question 7

Which subatomic particle has negligible mass compared to others?

Answer 7

Electron

Question 8

What is the relative mass of a proton and neutron?

Answer 8

Both have a relative mass of approximately 1.

Question 9

How do electrons move around the nucleus?

Answer 9

They move in energy levels or shells

Question 10

What is the atomic number of an element?

Answer 10

The number of protons in the nucleus

Question 11

What determines the identity of an element?

Answer 11

It’s number of protons (atomic number)

Question 12

11. Q: What determines the identity of an element?
    A: Its number of protons (atomic number).
    
    12. Q: What is an isotope?
        A: Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
    13. Q: How do isotopes affect atomic mass?
        A: Isotopes have different masses because of differing neutron numbers.
    14. Q: What is the mass number of an atom?
        A: The total number of protons and neutrons.
    15. Q: How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?
        A: Mass number − Atomic number = Number of neutrons.
    16. Q: What is the electron arrangement in the first shell?
        A: Up to 2 electrons.
    17. Q: How many electrons can the second shell hold?
        A: Up to 8 electrons.
    18. Q: What keeps electrons attracted to the nucleus?
        A: Electrostatic attraction between the positive nucleus and negative electrons.
    19. Q: What is the charge of the whole atom?
        A: Neutral (equal number of protons and electrons).
    20. Q: How can electrons move between shells?
        A: By absorbing or releasing energy.
    21. Q: What is a proton’s role in the atom?
        A: It defines the element and contributes to the atomic mass.
    22. Q: What is the neutron’s role?
        A: It adds to atomic mass and stabilizes the nucleus.
    23. Q: What happens if an atom loses or gains electrons?
        A: It becomes an ion (charged particle).
    24. Q: What is the charge of a cation?
        A: Positive (loses electrons).
    25. Q: What is the charge of an anion?
        A: Negative (gains electrons).
    26. Q: What is the approximate radius of an atom?
        A: About 0.1 nanometers (1 x 10^-10 meters).
    27. Q: What technique allows scientists to “see” inside atoms?
        A: Electron microscopy and particle accelerators.

Question 13

What is an isotope?

Answer 13

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but differ numbers of neutrons

Question 14

How do isotopes affect atomic mass?

Answer 14

Isotopes have different masses because of differing neutron numbers

Question 15

What is the mass number of an atom?

Answer 15

The total number of protons and neutrons

Question 16

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

Answer 16

Mass number - Atomic number = Number of neutrons

Question 18

What determines the identity of an element?

Answer 18

It’s number of protons (atomic number)

Question 19

What is the electron arrangement in the first shell?

Answer 19

Up to 2 electrons

Question 20

How many electrons can the second shell hold?

Answer 20

Up to 8 electrons

Question 21

What keeps electrons attracted to the nucleus?

Answer 21

Electrostatic attraction between the positive nucleus and negative electrons

Question 22

What is the charge of the whole atom?

Answer 22

Neutral (equal number of protons and electrons).

Question 23

How can electrons move between shells?

Answer 23

By absorbing or releasing energy

Question 24

What is a proton’s role in the atom?

Answer 24

It defines the element and contributes to the atomic mass

Question 25

22. Q: What is the neutron’s role? A: It adds to atomic mass and stabilizes the nucleus.

Answer 25

It adds to atomic mass and stabilizes the nucleus

Question 26

What happens if an atom loses or gains electrons?

Answer 26

It becomes an ion (charged particle).

Question 27

What is the charge of a cation?

Answer 27

Positive (loses electrons).

Question 28

What is the charge of an anion?

Answer 28

Negative (gains electrons)

Question 29

26. Q: What is the approximate radius of an atom? A: About 0.1 nanometers (1 x 10^-10 meters).

Answer 29

About 0.1 nanometers (1 x 10^-10 meters).

Question 30

What technique allows scientists to “see” inside atoms?

Answer 30

Electron microscopy and particle accelerators