Insulin

Question 1

β cells produce __.

Answer 1

insulin

Question 2

α cells produce __.

Answer 2

glucagon

Question 3

δ cells produce__.

Answer 3

somatostatin

Question 4

Exocrine function of pancreas

Answer 4

digestive enzymes

Question 5

4 Types of Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

Answer 5

o Type 1 diabetes (DM1)
o Type 2 diabetes (DM2)
o Gestational diabetes
o Diabetes due to other causes (genetic factors, medications) “induced”

Question 6

In a normal postabsorptive period (fasting), low basal levels of circulating insulin are maintained through constant ____.

Answer 6

β-cell secretion

Question 7

A burst of insulin secretion occurs within 2 minutes after ingesting a meal (response to glucose and a.a.). This lasts for about 15 minutes. This burst is followed by postprandial secretion. A return to ____ secretion generally occurs within 2h

Answer 7

basal secretion

Question 8

_______, is A polypeptide hormone consisting of two peptide chains connected by disulfide bonds

Answer 8

insulin

Question 9

is there PO insulin?

Answer 9

no

Question 10

why is there no PO insulin?

Answer 10

because chemical nature of insulin will be denatured in stomach acid.

Question 11

proinsulin undergoes proteolytic cleavage to form ______.

Answer 11

insulin and C-peptide

Question 12

what do we use as an index to insulin production

Answer 12

C-peptide levels

Question 13

why is c-peptide levels a more accurate representation of insulin levels versus measuring insulin?

Answer 13

insulin undergoes hepatic extraction so plasma levels may not accurately reflect true production

Question 14

insulin secretion is regulated by?

Answer 14

o Glucose
o Amino/fatty acids
o Hormones- IGF-1
o Autonomic mediators- NE, EPI, ACh