Integrated histology and pathophysiology: hepatic and biliary Flashcards
(35 cards)
Where do the hepatic veins drain into?
IVC
What is Wilson’s disease?
Copper is not properly disposed of by the liver so it accumulates in other tissues causing Keyser-Fleischer ring in the eye and causing Parkinson’s diseaese by depositing in the basal ganglia
What are some ways that the liver helps dispose of excess copper?
- Billiary excretion of copper
- Ceruloplasmin production
Defect in either of these mechanisms can cause Wilson’s disease. Excess copper in the liver can lead to Cirrhosis
The liver is responsible for chylomicron destruction via which enzyme?
Endothelial lipoprotein lipase
The liver is responsible for the production of all plasma proteins except for one. What is the exception?
y-globulins
What are the two phases of liver detoxification?
PHASE 1:
oxidation
reduction
hydrolysis
PHASE 2:
conjugation
What co-factor does phase 1 of liver detoxification require?
P-450
What cells convert heme to bilirubin?
Macrophages in the liver
What enzyme is required for the conversion of Heme to bilirubin?
Heme oxygenase
During phase 2 of the elimination of bilirubin, what enzyme is required for its conjugation?
Glucuronyl transferase is required to conjugate bilirubin with glucuronic acid
Where is bilirubin diglucuronide converted to Urobilinogen?
In the gut (flora)
What gives urine its yellow color?
Urobilinogen
What gives feces its brown color?
Stercobilin
What are cholangiocytes?
They are the cuboidal epithelial cells of the bile duct.
What do cholangiocytes secrete?
Water and bicarb
How much of the bile is reabsorbed by the gut each day?
95%
In the small intestines, what converts primary bile acids to secondary bile acids?
Bacterial enzymes
How is bilirubin diglucuronide transported from the liver to the gut?
with the bile
If bile is being reabsorbed, where does it go from the gut?
to the Portal vein and then to the hepatocyte
True or False: Bile reabsorption from the gut into the portal vein is a carrier-mediated absorption.
FALSE: Bile reabsorption in the gut is Na dependent.
True or False: Bile salt uptake and secretion from the hepatocyte is carrier-mediated.
TRUE
Which part of the intestine allows for bile salt reabsorption into the portal vein?
Terminal ileum
Which part of the intestines recieves bile salts from the liver?
Duodenum
What type of transport is responsible for secretion of bile salts from the hepatocytes into the canaliculus? Is it active or passive
Carrier-mediated secretion (active)
