Integument Flashcards

Question

What is eleidin

Answer 1

Densely packed and held together by a derivate of keratohylain which acts as a barrier to water and gives rise to its transparent or lucid properties

Answer 2

** DECEASED - outermost layer - many layers thick, thickness varies by location - cells consist entirely of KERATIN, a water-resistance protein - no nuclei or organelle - HORNY cells surrounded by a thicker plasma membrane coated by the exterior lipid matrix

Answer 3

process by which keratinocytes differentiate, about 21 days in length in the dog

Answer 4

Production of stratum corneum by terminal epidermal differentiation formation of a dead cells (corneocytes) layer to create a physical barrier for the skin.

Answer 5

Located in the startum basal and the stratum spinosum

Answer 6

Endocrine Cells - Stratum Basale and Spinosum - Intra-epidermal (within the epidermis)

Answer 7

Bone Marrow monocytes

Answer 8

Immunity - Antigen-presenting t-cells and mediator of tolerance ** not often seen with routine H&E

Answer 9

Stratum Basale of thick skin - connected to adjacent keratinocytes via desmosomes

Answer 10

Act as sensory mechanoreceptor for cutaneous sensation Attract nerve ending and stimulate growth - Free nerve endings seen at the base of these cells

Answer 11

Stratum Basale and originate from neural crest

Answer 12

migrates within cytoplasmic extensions and transferred to keratinocytes of stratum basale and spinosum Protects cells from effects of UV radiation ** MUST HAVE TYROSINASE for proper function

Answer 13

Absorbs harmful UV-radiation transforms the energy into harmless amounts of heat keeps the generation of free radicals at a minimum

Answer 14

Nociceptors - free nerve ending that reach the stratum granulosum. Detect: pain, itch and temperature Meissner’s corpuscles: light pressure/touch Pacinian corpuscle: deep pressure Ruffini corpuscle: senses stretch

Answer 15

Insulation, camouflage, social display, sense/protect, sex recognition

Answer 16

a hair follicle

Answer 17

Above the surface of the skin

Answer 18

Within the follicle and ends with the bulb

Answer 19

Medulla - loose cuboidal cells with areas of air Cortex - dense compact keratinized cells cuticle - single layer of flat keratinized cells

Answer 20

Invagination of the epidermis the basement membrane is thickened (glassy) the hair root is within the follicle and ends with a bulb

Answer 21

- External glassy membrane = basal lamina - External root sheath – continuous with epidermis - internal root sheath – a few layers of squamous cells - Cuticle – internal to internal root sheath; formed by overlapping keratinized cells but in the opposite direction from the hair cuticle

Answer 22

hair bulbs = mitotically active

Answer 23

Regressive stage when metabolic activity slows down and the base of the follicle migrates towards the surface

Answer 24

Resting phase when growth stops, and the base of the bulb is at the level of the sebaceous canal - new hair grown beneath the telogen follicles and old hair shaft is shed controlled by daylight, ambient temperature, nutrition, and hormones (estrogen, testosterone, adrenal steroids, and thyroid hormone)

Answer 25

Large Diameter Rooted dermis Sebaceous gland, arrector pili muscle, sweat glands Primary or Hair guard

Answer 26

- Smaller diameter - Rooted nearer the surface +/-sebaceous gland; no sweat glands, no arrector pili muscle - Secondary or under hairs

Answer 27

Clusters of hair follicles The follicles merge at the level of the sebaceous gland and emerge though one external orifice Usually one primary follicle and several secondary hair follicle

Answer 28

Smooth muscle attached to follicles of primary hair Contraction of this muscle causes hair to stand up ** plays a role in insulation

Answer 29

- Tactile hairs - Composed of a very large single follicle - Blood-filled sinus between inner and outer dermal root sheath - Attached to skeletal muscle to allow for voluntary movement

Answer 30

- Located in the dermis - Produce sebum a mixture of lipid and cell debris - Holocrine secretion (secreted by rupture in the plasma membrane) - Antibacterial and waterproofing - Ducts empty into a follicle - Can be simple, branched or compound glands

Answer 31

Strongly developed in many water birds such as ducks produces an oily, waxy substance that helps waterproof feathers and keep them flexible.

Answer 32

- Secret by apical budding/pinches - Epithelial cells have apical secretory caps (a) - Simple saccular or tubular glands with coiled secretory portion and straight duct with opens into the distal hair follicle. - Contractile myoepithelial cells (m) help express the product - In domestic animals, located throughout most of the skin. -Function is mainly communication (attraction, marker).

Answer 33

- Merocrine – excrete via exocytosis - Open directly on to skin surface vs hair follicle * Minor in domestic animals - Thermoregulation and electrolyte balance; Secrete fluid onto skin surface when body temperature rises

Answer 34

Modification of skin, variation of the stratum corneum, underlain by highly vascular dermis, Lack stratum granulsom and lucidum

Answer 35

A highly specialized skin derivative that protects and encloses the end of the digit of an ungulate mammal

Answer 36

outer epidemis the underlying dermis (corium)

Answer 37

Stratum Ecternum Stratum medium Stratum Lamellatum/Internum Laminar Corium Everyone must like cornflakes

Answer 38

External layer known as "glaze" Continuation of perioplic epidermis

Answer 39

Main supportive layer Tubular and intertubular horn produced by the stratum basle and spinosum of the epidermis of the coronary groove

Answer 40

Lamellar horn (insensitive)

Integument Flashcards

(65 cards)