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Histology > Integument > Flashcards

Integument Flashcards

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0
Q

hypodermis/subcutis

A

loose CCT & white fat binding dermis to underlying tissue (superficial fascia)

NOT part of skin

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1
Q

Basic Skin Structure

out to in

A
  • epidermis
  • dermis
  • hypodermis/subcutis
  • accessory structures (adnexa)
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2
Q

Adnexa

A

hair, hair follicles, glands, arrector pili mm.

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3
Q

Skin made of

A

epidermis and dermis

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4
Q

layers of epidermis

A

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

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5
Q

What layers of epidermis have mitotic activity?

A

stratum basal and stratum spinosum

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6
Q

Where is keratin located?

A

stratum corneum

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7
Q

Another name for stratum basale

A

stratum germinativum

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8
Q

Stratum Basale Characteristics

A
  • single layer of cells!

- established dermal-epidermal boundary

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9
Q

Stratum Spinosum Characteristics

A
  • THICKEST layer of epidermis
  • cells are alive & divide to limited extend in deeper regions
  • spiny appearance between cells
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10
Q

keratinocytes

A

cells that begin to accumulate keratin

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11
Q

What causes the spiny appearance of cells in Stratum Spinosum?

A

desmosomes attaching “intercellular bridges”

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12
Q

Stratum Granulosum Characteristics

A
  • 3rd layer of epidermis

- outermost cells are dying in this layer

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13
Q

Stratum Granulosum cells contain

A

aggregated keratohyaline granules

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14
Q

Keratohyaline granules

A

granular material seen in cells before fully formed keratin is present

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15
Q

Stratum Lucidum Characteristics

A
  • “optional” epidermal layer
    • present in thick skin not thin
    • present in places of heavy wear (aka foot pads)
  • not in skin with hair follicles
  • clear band above stratum granulosum
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16
Q

Stratum Lucidum cells contain

A

eleidin

and are dying

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17
Q

Eleidin

A 
fibrous protein (intermediate form of keratin) 
in cells of stratum lucidum
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18
Q

Stratum Corneum Characteristics

A
  • mature keratin

- dead cell layer at surface

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19
Q

Stratum Corneum cells

A
  • flat, without nuclei

- outermost part continuously sloughs off

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20
Q

Melanocytes

A

make melanin

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21
Q

Melanocyte location

A

stratum basale

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22
Q

melanin

A

responsible for skin color

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23
Q

melanin location

A

cells of stratum basale and lower spinosum

-gets injected into these cells

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24
What forms melanin?
Tyrosine
25
Melanin's Job
protect from UV radiation
26
Melanocytes H&E
dark granules, unstained cytoplasm,
27
Melanocyte Characteristics
-has cytoplasmic extensions that go b/n cells of stratum basale & stratum spinosum
28
Langerhans Cell location
stratum spinosum with processes extending between keratinocytes
29
Merkel's cell Location
Stratum Basale, parallel to epidermal surface
30
Merkel's cell assumed function
sensory input as mechanoreceptors for 'light' touch or may have broader role
31
Function of Rete pegs (epidermal ridges/epidermal pegs)
provide stability
32
Dermis layers
Papillary layer, Reticular layer, Blood Vessels, Nerves, Receptors
33
Papillary layer of dermis
- interdigitates with rete peges | - provides structural support & increased surface area
34
Dermal Receptors
Pacinian Corpuscles | Meissner's Corpuscles
35
Pacinian Corpuscle recieves
pressure signals.
36
Pacinian Corpuscle location
deeper in dermis
37
Meissner's Corpuscle receives
touch feelings
38
Meissner's corpuscle location
dermal papillae
39
Adnexa
hair & hair follicles, arrector pilli mm., sebaceous glands, sweat glands
40
Hair follicle
invaginations of epidermal epithelium
41
hair bulb
terminal dilation of hair follicle
42
Base of Hair bulb contains
dermal papillae which are covered by epithelial cells, have a capillary & nerve network, responsible for sustaining hair follicle
43
Hair
thin strands of hard, compact keratin
44
Layers of Hair
Medulla - less dense center Cortex - more dense middle Cuticle - thin outer layer
45
Root of hair
epidermal cells covering dermal papilla
46
Compound hair follicle
- more than one hair emerges from a follicle | - contains 1 large main guard hair & many smaller "wool" hairs
47
Function of Guard Hair in compound hair follicles
waterproof top layer
48
Function of wool hairs in compound hair follicles
insulation barrier against the skin
49
Arrector Pili Muscle
- smooth muscle - attaches at base of hair follicle - function = contraction in response to stimulus (hair standing on end)
50
Sebacous glands
- masses of rounded cells with prominent round nuclei | - only in haired areas
51
Sebacous gland mode and type of secretion
holocrine & sebum
52
Holocrine secretion
entire cell ruptures to release contents
53
Sebacous gland functions
- antibacterial | - waterproofing agent
54
Sweat glands
simple coiled tubular glands lines with simple cuboidal epithelium
55
How do sweat glands move secretions?
with myoepithelial cells
56
Apocrine sweat glands
- duct opens into hair follicle - most common in domestic animals - slighly viscous secretion
57
Apocrine Sweat Gland function
scent and thermoregulation
58
Merocrine sweat glands
- located in special areas (foot pads) | - duct opens directly onto skin
59
Anal Sacs
- diverticula within skin of anal region - keratinized stratified squamous epithelium - contain glands
60
Dog Anal Sacs
- apocrine sweat glands only | - frequently impact
61
Cat Anal Sacs
- apocrine sweat glands & sebacous glands | - unlikely to impact
62
Circumanal (Perianal) Glands
- modified sebacous glands - in dogs - HIGHLY acidophilic cytoplasm; large, round nuclei - tend to become neoplastic
63
Supracaudal (Preen) Glands
- collection of large, sebacous glands - overproduction => "stud tail" - in carnivores
64
Sinus (Tactile) Hair Location
mostly on face
65
Sinus/Tactile Hair
- large hair follicles with blood-filled sinuses - Trabeculae (CCT) traverse the sinus (lower part in carnivores. everywhere in horses/ruminants) - nerve ending network within trabeculae
66
Sinus/Tactile Hair Function
touch & orientation in environment
67
Functional significance for interdigitation of epidermis and dermis
- increased nutrient diffusion to epithelial cells (from dermis to epidermis) - increased surface area to facilitate attachment of epidermis to dermis

Histology (9 decks)

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