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MSK Final > Integument > Flashcards

Integument Flashcards

1
Q

What germ layer does epidermis come from?

A

Ectoderm

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2
Q

What germ layer does dermis come from?

A

mesoderm

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3
Q

irregular projections at epidermal-dermal junction

A

dermal papillae

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4
Q

What does the epidermis have that strengthens its adhesion to the dermis?

A

epidermal ridges

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5
Q

What does thick skin have that thin skin does not have?

A

a fifth layer- stratum lucidum

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6
Q

What are the 4 layers of epidermis in thin skin?

A

Stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

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7
Q

What is the predominant cell type of the epidermis?

A

Keratinocyte

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8
Q

How is the stratum basale bound apically?

A

by desmosomes

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9
Q

How is the stratum basale bound basally?

A

Hemidesmosomes

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10
Q

What is typically the thickest layer in epidermis?

A

Stratum spinosum

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11
Q

What type of cells are in the stratum spinosum?

A

polyhedral cells with central nuclei and spiny processes

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12
Q

Where do keratin filaments assemble into microscopically visible bundles called tonofibrils?

A

stratum spinosum

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13
Q

What are granules made up of?

A

tonofibrils and filaggrin

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14
Q

What are fully keratinized cornified cells called?

A

squames

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15
Q

What are melanocytes derived from?

A

Neural crest cells

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16
Q

Where are melanocytes found?

A

Scattered along the stratum basale

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17
Q

What are antigen presenting cells that provide defense against pathogens that are found in the epidermis?

A

Langerhans cells

18
Q

What do langerhans cells develop from?

A

monocyte precursor

19
Q

Where are langerhans cells identifiable?

A

Stratum spinosum

20
Q

Epidermal cell replacement is initiated by what?

A

the division of stem cells in the stratum basale

21
Q

What are the layers of the dermis?

A

papillary layer and reticular layer

22
Q

What type of connective tissue makes up the papillary layer?

A

loose connective tissue

23
Q

What type of connective tissue makes up the reticular layer?

A

dense irregular connective tissue with coarse elastic fibers

24
Q

Where are langer’s lines formed?

A

reticular layer of the dermis

25
Q

What is the subpapillary plexus?

A

a rich, nutritive capillary network located between papillary and reticular layers

26
Q

What type of connective tissue makes up the hypodermis?

A

loose connective tissue

27
Q

What does the extensive vasculature in the hypodermis promote?

A

rapid uptake of insulin or drugs injected into the tissue

28
Q

Epithelial tactile cells that function as low-threshold mechanoreceptors which are essential for sensing gentle touch

A

merkel cells

29
Q

Where are merkel cells abundant?

A

in highly sensitive skin such as the finger tips and hair follicles

30
Q

What do merkel cells lack that keratinocytes have?

A

melanosomes

31
Q

Where are free nerve endings located?

A

in the papillary dermis and they extend into the lower epidermal layers

32
Q

What is the function of free nerve endings?

A

respond primarily to high and low temperatures, pain, and itching. May also function as tactile receptors

33
Q

What are encapsulated receptors that are responsive to light touch or low frequency stimuli?

A

Meissner’s corpuscle

34
Q

Where are lamellated (pacinian) corpuscles found?

A

deep in the reticular dermis and hypodermis; also found in CT of visceral organs, wall of the rectum, and urinary bladder

35
Q

What are lamellated corpuscles specialized for?

A

sensing coarse touch, pressure (sustained touch) and vibration

36
Q

How is sebum secreted?

A

holocrine secretion

37
Q

simple, coiled glands found extensively throughout skin

A

eccrine sweat glands

38
Q

What cells facilitate expulsion of secretion of eccrine seat glands?

A

myoepithelial cells

39
Q

large-lumen, tubular glands

A

apocrine sweat glands

40
Q

how do apocrine sweat glands secret sweat?

A

merocrine secretion

MSK Final (16 decks)

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