Integumentary

Question 1

Fx of Integ Sys (6)

Answer 1

Protection,
Temp Reg,
Sensory Recep, Blood Reservoir,
Excrete/Absorption, Vit D

Question 2

Epidermis c. type _____ epithelium of 4 types

Answer 2

Keratinized strat squamous epi,

Keratinocytes (90%)
Metalnocyte
Intraepidermal macrophage (Langerhans c.)
Tactile epithelial (Merkel c.)

Question 3

Keratinocytes (3):

Answer 3

Keratin - tough fibrous protein
Lamellar granules (water-repellent sealant)
4-5 layer

Question 4

Melanocytes

Answer 4

Melanin abs UV

Skin color

Question 5

Intraepidermal/Langerhans c.

Answer 5

From bone marrow

recognize invaders

Question 6

Merkel c.

Answer 6

Contact flattened processes of sensory neurons (touch sensations)
Deepest layer

Question 7

Thin skin

Answer 7

Hairy, most regions, 4 layers

Question 8

Thick skin (hairless)

Answer 8

Palms/Soles

Greater mechanical stress, 5 layers (+strata lucidum)

Question 9

Layer of skin from superfiical to deep

Answer 9

Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum (Necrosis starts)
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basale aka stratum germinativum

Question 10

Stratum Basale (4)

Answer 10

Single row keratinocytes
Contains:
Stem c.
melanocyte
Merkels c.

Question 11

Stratum Spinosum (3)

Answer 11

8-10 layers of keratinocytes
Intraepidermal macrophages
Melanocyte projection

Question 12

Stratum Granulosum (2)

Answer 12

3-5 layer flattened, dying keratinocyte

w/ darkened granule (= lamellar granules = keratin precursor)

Question 13

Stratum Corneum (2)

Answer 13

25-30 layer of thin dead keratinocyte

Extra layer = lucidum

Question 14

Dermis contains (8) structures/cells

Two regions:

Answer 14

Fibroblast
Macrophage
Fat cell
Blood vess
Mm
Nerve
Glands
Hair foll (Arrector pili Mm attach)

Papillary
Reticular - “net-like”

Question 15

Papillary Region of Dermis

Small _____ structures that project into ____ (layer of skin) which contains (3)

Answer 15

Nipple-shape, undersurface of epidermis called the Dermal Papillae

D.P
Blood vessel
Corpsucles of touch (Meissner’s)
Free N. endings

Question 16

Reticular Region of Dermis

Attached to ______ layer (skin), contains (5)

Answer 16

Collagen-elastic fibers bundle

Att. Subcut layer
Fibroblast
Adipose c.
Hair foll, N. glandes

Question 17

Finger prints are _____

____ (direction) projection of the _____(skin layer) btw ____ (structure)

Answer 17

Epidermal ridge patterns

Downward pjt of Epidermis btw dermal papillae

Question 18

Epiderm Ridge Patter function (3)

Answer 18

Incr:
Friction w/ surface + derm pap (grip)
# of tactile receptor
Contact w/ blood vessel

Question 19

Skin color is mixture of 3 pigments & rel’d fx (pdn via___, stored in _____(layer)

Answer 19

Melanin - incr pdn via UV
Carotene, (yellow/orange) - stored in strat corneum
Hemoglobin

Question 20

Hair - surrounding structure (4)
Shaft has _____(shape) cells

Deep to superificial structure (think onion) (6)

Answer 20

Sebaceous gland
Apocrine sweat gland
Papilla (transition stage detach)
Hair root plexus
Shinglelike cuticle c.

Papilla/vessel, Hair Matrix (Melanocyte)
Medulla
Cortex
Cuticle
Dermal root sheath

Question 21

Hair Growth Cycle (3) & Descr

Answer 21

Anagen - Growth (85% scalp), yrs, hair length

Catagen (Regression/Transition) - days, hair follicle shrink, detaches from dermal papilla

Telogen & Exogen (Resting)

T - months, 10% hairs, old rests, new grows
E - Old sheds

Question 22

Hirutism vs Hpyertricosis

Answer 22

-Androgen depedent in female biology

Hypertricosis - excess hair growth not limited to androgen dependent

Question 23

Skin accessory glands (4) & function

Answer 23

Sebaceous (oil) - sebum, absent in palm/soles, some unrelated to follicle (lips/lids, ext. genitals)

Sudoriferous (sweat):

• Eccrine (temperature).
• Apocrine (after puberty, only in some areas/resp. to emotion/arousal)

Ceruminous (ear wax)

Mammary glands

Question 24

Eccrine absent in ____, #s in _____. Excretes _____ (3)

Sweat order:
Locations in sequence
Cold sweat order:

Answer 24

Absent in {lips/nail, eardrum genitals}. #s in palm/sole, fore. NaCl, ammonia, LAcid (waste)

Forehead> Body > Palm/sole.
Emotional (Cold): Palm/sole, axillae, body

Question 25

Apocrine found in ____ (4)

Color, contains chemical molecule

Answer 25

Axilla, groin area, Areolae of breast, bearded regions

Milk/yellow, lipid & protein

Question 26

Ceruminus Gland function (@)

Answer 26

Stick barrier, waterproof canal

Question 27

Nails anatomy (5)

Hyponychium

Answer 27

From proximal to distal:

Nail root - surrounded by matrix epithelium 
Epopnychium (cuticle), stratum corneum
Lunula
Nail body (plate) - below is nail bed.
Free edge

Secure nail to fingertip

Question 28

Fingernail Growth Facts (4)

Toenail growth (2)

Answer 28

6 mths to regrow entire nail
50% faster in children
Middle & index fastest, little slowest
Pregnant faster

1 yr to regrow completely
Big toenail grows fastest

Question 29

Vit. D.: UV & enzymes activate molecule convert to _____, aids _____ in intestine

Freq.

Answer 29

Calcitriol (hormone) active form of Vit D.
Aids absorp of Ca. in intestine

15 min, 2x/wk

Question 30

Skin aging starts at age____

Accelerated in_____ (demo)

Mechanisms (6)

Skin
Hair
Blood vessel
Subcut

Answer 30

40

Smokers

Langerhans c. effectiveness decr.
Sebaceous/sweat glands shrink/slow pdn
Melanocytes decr. (greying)
Blood vessel harden/thicken
subcut adipose lost (thin skin), poor heal

75% Men hair loss > 60

Question 31

Epidermal Wound Healing

Occurs when:
___ surrounding wound ____ until _____

(Hormone) stimulates mitoses

Answer 31

Abrasion/minor burn

Basal c. migrate across until meet edges

Epidermal gwth fac (gF)

Question 32

Deep Wound Heal
Occurs in ____
Phases (4)

Answer 32

Dermis & Subcut

Inflamm > Migra > Prolit > Maturation

Question 33

Skin Cancer 3 maj type

Answer 33

: Basal c. carcinoma, Squamous carcinoma,

Malig melanoma

Question 34

Skin Burn caused by (4):

Rule of 9s

Answer 34

Excess heat
Electricity
Radioactivity
Corrosive chem on skin protein

LE - 18%, UE - 9%, Trunk - 36%, Back 36%, Head &Neck: 9%