integumentary

Question 1

skin comprises what percentage of total body weight

Answer 1

7%

Question 2

Where are Langerhans cells most commonly found

Answer 2

stratum spinosum

Question 3

the layers of the epidermis from most basal to most superficial are

Answer 3

germinativum, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum

Question 4

what is the function of tonofilaments in the epidermis

Answer 4

they form keratin and attach intracellularly to desmosomes, hemidesmosomes

Question 5

how many layers comprise the spinosum

Answer 5

8-10

Question 6

What accounts for the spinosum’s distinct appearance

Answer 6

courser keratin

Question 7

What non-keratinocytes are found in the spinosum

Answer 7

Langerhans and processes of melanocytes

Question 8

desmosomes are most prominent at which epidermal layer

Answer 8

spinosum

Question 9

major function of the stratum spinosum

Answer 9

strength and flexibility

Question 10

how many layers make up the granulosum

Answer 10

3-5

Question 11

At which layer are cells undergoing apoptosis

Answer 11

granulosum

Question 12

what molecule causes the dark staining of granulosum kerationcytes

Answer 12

keratohyaline

Question 13

what structure is responsible for waterproofing the skin

Answer 13

lamellar granules and their lipid-rich secretions (found in the stratum granulosum)

Question 14

How many layers in stratum lucidum

Answer 14

4-6

Question 15

How many layers in the stratum corneum

Answer 15

25-30

Question 16

The layer that divides metabolically active cells and cells that have died

Answer 16

Granulosum

Question 17

How long does the process of keratinizations from production to sloughing take? What influences this rate

Answer 17

4-6 weeks, epidermal growth factor

Question 18

Which layer of the dermis is thickest and what fibers compose this layer

Answer 18

reticular layer - elastic and collagen

Question 19

At what month of gestation do epidermal ridges form

Answer 19

3rd month

Question 20

The two types of melanin

Answer 20

yellow/red pheomelanin and brown/black eumelanin

Question 21

the two types of sudoriferous glands and their classification for secretion

Answer 21

eccrine and apocrine are both merocrine

Question 22

What additional substances are secreted from apocrine glands (more so than eccrine)

Answer 22

lipids and protein

Question 23

3 regions where sebaceous glands are found

Answer 23

hair, lips, glans penis, labia minora, tarsal glands of eyelids

Question 24

The three portions of a hair

Answer 24

shaft root bulb

Question 25

The three layers of a hair

Answer 25

medulla cortex cuticle

Question 26

the layer of the hair making up the MAJORITY of the hair and consists of ELONGATED cells

Answer 26

cortex

Question 27

The layer of the hair that consists of 2-3 layers of IRREGULARLY shaped cells that contain PIGMENT

Answer 27

medulla

Question 28

The 2 regions of the follicle (surrounding the hair)

Answer 28

internal root sheath and external root sheath

Question 29

OUTERMOST layer surrounding the hair follicle

Answer 29

dermal root sheath

Question 30

papilla

Answer 30

region in the bulb of the hair/follicle where dermis containing blood vessels projects into the bulb

Question 31

region of the bulb where active cell division occurs

Answer 31

hair matrix

Question 32

3 structures assoc with hair follicle

Answer 32

sebaceous, nerve root plexus, erector pili

Question 33

3 stages of hair growth and which is the longest

Answer 33

growth regression and resting. longest is 2-6 years of growth

Question 34

growth rate for nails

Answer 34

1mm/week

Question 35

the word for cuticle

Answer 35

eponychium

Question 36

4 vitamins absorbed at the skin

Answer 36

A,D,E,K

Question 37

What is excreted through the skin

Answer 37

ammonia, water+salts, urea, carbon dioxide

Question 38

What does healing by primary intent mean

Answer 38

the edges of a wound are brought together (either naturally or via sutures, staples, glue)

Question 39

The four stages of deep wound healing

Answer 39

Inflammatory phase, migratory, proliferative, and maturation

Question 40

how are collagen fibers arranged during proliferative and maturation phases

Answer 40

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