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DCCC BIO150 (Spring 2021) > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

Course Competency 7. – Describe how the structure of the skin contributes to its function.

1
Q

Transdermal absorption

A

ability of skin to absorb chemicals

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2
Q

anatomy of the subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

A

indistinct boundary of areolar or adipose tissue between skin and muscle

highly vascular

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3
Q

Name the structure:

Overhanging tip of the nail

A

free edge (of the nail)

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4
Q

stratum granulosum

A

A middle layer of thick skin
2nd most superficial layer in thin skin

three to five layers of keratinocytes

(the way it stains like dark granules gives rise to its name)

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5
Q

Name the structure:

Nerve fibers that entwine each follicle that respond to hair movement

A

hair root plexus.

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6
Q

Function of:

nociceptors

A

Pain from tissue damage or threat of tissue damage

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7
Q

Alternate name for:

hypodermis

A

subcutaneous layer

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8
Q

stratum corneum

A

thick surface layer of dead skin cells; very durable

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9
Q

black and brown pigments of the skin

A

melanin

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10
Q

the structural components of skin color

A

melanin, black and brown pigments,
accumulates in keratinocytes

hemoglobin, imparts reddish or pinkish hues

carotene a yellow pigment from some foods

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11
Q

What, From where, and To where:

melanin

A

black and brown pigments,

produced in melanocytes

accumulates in keratinocytes

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12
Q

Structure of:

tactile disc

A

a tactile cell and its underlying nerve fiber

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13
Q

stratum spinosum

A

2nd deepest layer of epidermis

several layers of keratinocytes
as they move upward they create more keratin filaments

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14
Q

Name the gland:

simple tubular gland with duct to a sweat pore

A

eccrine (merocrine) glands

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15
Q

Name the layer:

deepest layer of of the epidermis

A

stratum basale

mostly cuboidal (or short columnar) stem cells;

also found here: melanocytes, tactile cells

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16
Q

Name the:

secretion formed of cells breaking down

A

sebum

keeps skin and hair “moisturized”;

(secretion is formed of cells breaking down)

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17
Q

Function of:

sebum

A

keeps skin and hair “moisturized”;

(secretion is formed of cells breaking down)

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18
Q

Briefly describe:

ceruminous glands

A

Exclusive to the ear;

produces a yellow waxy secretion that combines with sebum and dead skin cells to form ear wax

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19
Q

Sensations of the integumentary system

A

heat,
cold,
touch,
texture,
pressure,
vibration,
injury

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20
Q

Alternate name for:

subcutaneous layer

A

hypodermis

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21
Q

Name the layer:

2nd most superficial layer of thick skin

A

stratum lucidum

unique to thick skin,

a layer of densely packed keratinocytes with no organelles and a clear protein called eleidin

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22
Q

Name the gland:

produces sweat via exocytosis into a duct

A

sudoriferous gland

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23
Q

Loosely define:

Thermoregulation

A

“regulating body temperature”

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24
Q

Name the structure:

hair beneath the surface​ of the skin

A

root

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25
types of sensory receptors found in the skin
free nerve endings lamellated corpuscles corpuscles of touch tactile discs nociceptors
26
stratum lucidum
2nd most superficial layer of thick skin unique to thick skin, a layer of densely packed keratinocytes with no organelles and a clear protein called eleidin
27
# Name the gland: larger, secretes more fatty acids; duct leads to hair follicle;
Apocrine gland Fun Info: hair serves to retain the aromatic secretions and regulate their evaporation (pubes, pits, and beards, oh my!)
28
# Name the structure: tube from which hair grows
hair follicle
29
# Structure of the integument: the epidermal wave-like extension into the dermis
epidermal (friction) ridges gives skin texture such as finger prints
30
the part of a hair **above the skin**
shaft
31
# Name the gland: produces a yellow waxy secretion that combines with sebum and dead skin cells to form ear wax
ceruminous glands
32
eponychium
narrow zone of dead skin overhanging the nail
33
root (structure of hair)
hair beneath the surface​ of the skin
34
pilus
the hair; a slender filament of keratinized cells
35
# Structure of: tactile disc
stratum basale (basal layer)
36
pigment that accumulates in keratinocytes
**melanin**
37
# Function of: eccrine (merocrine) glands
sweat gland primarily to cool the body
38
# Name the structure: an effector muscle that causes hair to "stand on end"
arrector pili muscle
39
# Name the layer: a layer of densely packed keratinocytes with no organelles and a clear protein called eleidin
**stratum lucidum** unique to thick skin, 2nd most superficial layer of thick skin
40
# Briefly define: shaft (of hair)
the part of a hair **above the skin**
41
# Name the layer: thick surface layer of dead skin cells; very durable
stratum corneum
42
hair follicle
tube from which hair grows
43
# Location of: corpuscles of touch
fingertips, palms, eyelids, lips, tongue, nipples, genitals
44
keratinocytes
synthesizes keratin, the vast majority of skin cells, arises from stem cells
45
"System of the skin"
Integumentary system
46
# Explain: the anatomical basis of **albinism**
A genetic lack of melanin. Missing an enzyme to synthesize melanin.
47
Two major layers of the integument
epidermis dermis
48
Two principle cells of the epithelium
keratinocytes melanocytes
49
pigments produced in melanocytes
**melanin**
50
papillary region
thin zone of areolar tissues around the dermal paillae
51
# Location of: nociceptors
skin also: viscera, bones, joints, muscles
52
# Name the layer: pads the body & binds the skin to the underlying tissues
subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)
53
free edge (of the nail)
Overhanging tip of the nail
54
# Structure of: eccrine (merocrine) glands
simple tubular gland with duct to a sweat pore
55
# Location of: eccrine (merocrine) glands
everywhere in skin abundant on palms, soles, and forehead;
56
# Function of: corpuscles of touch
light touch, texture
57
epidermal (friction) ridges
the epidermal wave-like extension into the dermis gives skin texture such as finger prints
58
melanocytes
synthesizes melanin, occur only in the stratum basale
59
hair root plexus.
Nerve fibers that entwine each follicle that respond to hair movement
60
# Location of: Apocrine gland
groin, anal, axilla, areolar, beard areas Fun Info: hair serves to retain the aromatic secretions and regulate their evaporation (pubes, pits, and beards, oh my!)
61
Components of the Integumentary System
Skin Hair Nails their Glands
62
lunula
moon shaped growth zone of the nail
63
# Layer of epidermis: mostly cuboidal (or short columnar) stem cells
stratum basale deepest layer of of the epidermis also found here: melanocytes, tactile cells
64
# Name the cell: synthesizes keratin, the vast majority of skin cells, arises from stem cells
keratinocyte
65
# Structure of the dermis: deeper zone of irregular connective tissue
**reticular region** | (fibrous and tougher)
66
# Location of: free nerve endings
widespread in epithelia and connective tissues
67
Describe the growth of the epidermis | (keratinization)
**Stem cells divide** into **keratinocytes** which **move superficially**. As they move further away from the basal layer they produce more and **more keratin filaments** and **thin out**. At the end of their life they **form the stratum corneum** as layers of **dead cells**.
68
# A word meaning: ability of skin to absorb chemicals
Transdermal absorption
69
# Name the cell: synthesizes melanin, occurs only in the stratum basale
melanocyte
70
# Name for: a hair
pilus
71
arrector pili muscle
an effector muscle that causes hair to "stand on end"
72
# Function of: Apocrine gland
responds to stress and sexual stimulation; Fun Info: hair serves to retain the aromatic secretions and regulate their evaporation (pubes, pits, and beards, oh my!)
73
# Structure of the dermis: thin zone of areolar tissues around the dermal papillae
papillary region
74
roles of keratin
durability resilience
75
stratum basale
deepest layer of of the epidermis, mostly cuboidal (or short columnar) stem cells; also found here: melanocytes, tactile cells
76
secretion of the sebaceous gland
sebum keeps skin and hair "moisturized"; (secretion is formed of cells breaking down)
77
# structure and function of: sudoriferous glands
produces sweat via exocytosis into a duct
78
Functions of the Integument
Resist trauma and infection Barrier Vitamin D synthesis Sensation Thermoregulation Non-verbal communication Transdermal absorption
79
# Name the gland: sweat gland primarily to cool the body
eccrine (merocrine) glands
80
# Function of: **sebaceous glands**
oil gland; secretes oily sebum into hair follicle
81
# Name the gland: sweat gland that responds to stress and sexual stimulation;
Apocrine gland Fun Info: hair serves to retain the aromatic secretions and regulate their evaporation (pubes, pits, and beards, oh my!)
82
# Structure of the dermis: gives skin texture such as finger prints
epidermal (friction) ridges the epidermal wave-like extension into the dermis
83
# Location of: lamellated corpuscles
**dermis**, also: joint capsules, periosteum, breasts, genitals, some viscera
84
# Name the gland: oil gland; secretes oily sebum into hair follicle
sebaceous gland
85
dermal papillae
finger-like extension of the dermis into the epidermis
86
Tissues of the epidermis
mainly collagen also: elastic fiber reticular fiber fibroblasts and other cells common to fibrous tissue
87
# Function of: free nerve endings
pain, heat, cold
88
# Name the layer: 2nd deepest layer of epidermis
**stratum spinosum** several layers of keratinocytes as they move upward they create more keratin filaments
89
# Name the structure: moon shaped growth zone of the nail
lunula
90
# Structure of the dermis: finger-like extension of the dermis into the epidermis
dermal paillae
91
# Structure of: Apocrine gland
larger; duct leads to hair follicle; Fun Info: hair serves to retain the aromatic secretions and regulate their evaporation (pubes, pits, and beards, oh my!)
92
reticular region
deeper zone of irregular connective tissue fibrous and tougher
93
# Name the structure: narrow zone of dead skin overhanging the nail
eponychium
94
# A word meaning: "regulating body temperature"
Thermoregulation
95
Five layers of the epidermis
**From superficial to deep:** Stratum corneum Stratum lucidium (unique to thick skin) Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basale

DCCC BIO150 (Spring 2021) (9 decks)

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