Integumentary System Flashcards

Question

Reticular layer

Answer 1

deepest skin layer ▪ Blood vessels ▪ Sweat and oil glands ▪ Deep pressure receptors (lamellar corpuscles)

Answer 2

Cutaneous sensory receptors ▪ Phagocytes ▪ Collagen and elastic fibers ▪ Blood vessels

Answer 3

1. Melanin ▪ Yellow, reddish brown, or black pigments 2. Carotene ▪ Orange-yellow pigment from some vegetables 3. Hemoglobin ▪ Red coloring from blood cells in dermal capillaries ▪ Oxygen content determines the extent of red coloring

Answer 4

Redness (erythema)—due to embarrassment, inflammation, hypertension, fever, or allergy ▪ Pallor (blanching)—due to emotional stress (such as fear), anemia, low blood pressure, impaired blood flow to an area ▪ Jaundice (yellow cast)—indicates a liver disorder ▪ Bruises (black and blue marks)—hematomas

Answer 5

``` ▪ Cutaneous glands are all exocrine glands Sebaceous glands Sweat glands ▪ Hair ▪ Hair follicles ▪ Nails ```

Answer 6

``` Located all over the skin except for palms and soles ▪ Produce sebum (oil) ▪ Makes skin soft and moist ▪ Prevents hair from becoming brittle ▪ Kills bacteria ▪ Most have ducts that empty into hair follicles; others open directly onto skin surface ▪ Glands are activated at puberty ```

Answer 7

``` Sweat (sudoriferous) glands ▪ Produce sweat ▪ Widely distributed in skin ▪ Two types of sudoriferous glands 1. Eccrine glands 2. Apocrine glands ```

Answer 8

▪ Open via duct to sweat pores on the skin’s surface ▪ Produce acidic sweat ▪ Water, salts, vitamin C, traces of metabolic waste ▪ Function in body temperature regulation

Answer 9

▪ Ducts empty into hair follicles in the armpit and genitals ▪ Begin to function at puberty ▪ Release sweat that also contains fatty acids and proteins (milky or yellowish color) ▪ Play a minimal role in body temperature regulation

Answer 10

``` ▪ Produced by hair follicle ▪ Root is enclosed in the follicle ▪ Shaft projects from the surface of the scalp or skin ▪ Consists of hard keratinized epithelial cells ▪ Melanocytes provide pigment for hair color ▪ Hair grows in the matrix of the hair bulb in stratum basale ```

Answer 11

▪ Central medulla - air space, large cells ▪ Cortex surrounds medulla - formed by a single layer of cells ▪ Cuticle on outside of cortex ▪ Most heavily keratinized region of the hair

Answer 12

▪ Composed of an epithelial root sheath and fibrous sheath ▪ Dermal region provides a blood supply to the hair bulb (deepest part of the follicle) ▪ Arrector pili muscle connects to the hair follicle to pull hairs upright when we are cold or frightened

Answer 13

▪ Heavily keratinized, scalelike modifications of the epidermis ▪ Stratum basale extends beneath the nail bed, which is responsible for growth ▪ Lack of pigment makes nails colorless

Answer 14

▪ Free edge ▪ Body is the visible attached portion ▪ Nail folds are skin folds that overlap the edges of the nail; the cuticle is the proximal edge ▪ Root of nail is embedded in skin ▪ Growth of the nail occurs from nail matrix

Answer 15

▪ Burns ▪ Infections of the skin and membranes ▪ Viral infections ▪ Fungal infections (e.g., athlete’s foot, jock itch, ringworm) ▪ Bacterial infections (e.g., impetigo, cellulitis) ▪ Inflammatory conditions of the skin and membranes (e.g., pleurisy, peritonitis, psoriasis) ▪ Cancers of the skin

Integumentary System Flashcards

(39 cards)