Integumentary System

Question 1

Main Organs

Answer 1

Hair, Skin, Nails

Question 2

Protection

Answer 2

Protects against harmful substances and water loss

Question 3

Sensory Function

Answer 3

Senses the environment around you

Question 4

Thermoregulation

Answer 4

Helps regulate body temperature by sweating and goosebumps

Question 5

Vitamin D Synthesis

Answer 5

Vitamin D is synthesized when skin is exposed to UV radiation. Vitamin D helps absorption of calcium and phosphorus, which are used to make healthy bones.

Question 6

Keratinocyte

Answer 6

A cell that manufactures and stores keratin

Question 7

Keratin

Answer 7

A protein that gives hair, nails, and skin their hardness and water-resistant properties

Question 8

Thick Skin

Answer 8

1. S Corneum, 2. S Lucidum, 3. S Granulosum, 4. S Spinosum, 5. S Basale

Question 9

Thin Skin*

Answer 9

1. S Corneum, 3. S Granulosum, 4. S Spinosum, 5. S Basale *only found on palms and soles

Question 10

Epidermis

Answer 10

1st layer of skin made up of 5 layers (stratums) and thick and thin skin

Question 11

Dermis

Answer 11

2nd layer of skin that has blood and lymph vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and sweat glands. Made up of the papillary layer and reticular layer

Question 12

Hypodermis

Answer 12

3rd layer of skin used to connect skin to bones and muscles. Contains fat and is used as insulation and cushioning

Question 13

Stratum Corneum

Answer 13

most superficial layer, on the outside, 15-30 layers of cells

Question 14

Stratum Lucidum

Answer 14

smooth, translucent layer of epidermis

Question 15

Stratum Granulosum

Answer 15

grainy appearance

Question 16

Stratum Spinosum

Answer 16

spiny appearance

Question 17

Stratum Basale

Answer 17

Single layer of cells, primarily basal cells,

Question 18

Hair

Answer 18

A strand of keratin growing out of the epidermis

Question 19

Follicle

Answer 19

Where strands of hair originate in the dermis

Question 20

Shaft

Answer 20

The part of the hair that is not anchored down to the follicle and is exposed on the skin’s surface

Question 21

Root

Answer 21

The hair that is anchored to the follicle that is below the surface of the skin

Question 22

Free Edge

Answer 22

Part of the nail bed that has died and sticks out

Question 23

Lunula

Answer 23

A thick layer of epithelium in the shape of a crescent

Question 24

Cuticle

Answer 24

Layer of clear skin at the bottom of the nail

Question 25

Nail Root

Answer 25

Part of the nail that is under the finger and has proliferating cells that make the nail grow continuously

Question 26

Pores

Answer 26

Small holes in the epidermis where sweat is released

Question 27

Eccrine Sweat Gland

Answer 27

Salty sweat used for thermoregulation and found all over the skin, especially the palms, soles, and forehead. They are in the dermis

Question 28

Apocrine Sweat Gland

Answer 28

Sweat glands in dense hairy areas and are in the dermis/hypodermis. Sweat is made of water, salt, and compounds that make the sweat thicker and subject to bacterial decomposition, making it smell

Question 29

Skin

Answer 29

Largest organ that is made up of 3 layers and is the first layer of protection for the body

Question 30

Superficial to deep

Answer 30

Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis

Question 31

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Answer 31

Common form of skin cancer, cancer forms in basal cells, comes from chronic sun exposure Symptoms: white, skin colored, or pink bumps, a dark colored spots, flat, scaly, red patches, white, waxy, scar-like spots Treatment: wear sunscreen and protective clothing, avoid tanning beds, don't go out during midday sun

Question 32

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Answer 32

2nd most common type of skin cancer, caused by sun exposure and genetics Symptoms: flat sore with scaly crust, new or raised sore on an old scar, a rough scaly patch on the lip that may turn into an open sore, a red sore or rough patch on the inside of the mouth Treatment: surgery, radiation

Question 33

Melanoma

Answer 33

Skin cancer that forms in melanocytes that makes melanin. This causes discoloration in the skin Symptoms: redness, swelling, discoloration of skin Treatment: surgery, radiation, chemotherapy

Question 34

Eczema

Answer 34

A skin condition that makes skin red, itchy, and flaky Symptoms: dry skin, itching, scaly skin, bumps Treatment: avoiding harsh soaps, medical creams

Question 35

Acne

Answer 35

Occurs when the pores of skin become blocked with oil, dead skin, or bacteria Symptoms: pimples, scarring, bumps on the face Treatment: medicine, washing the face

Question 36

1st Degree Burn

Answer 36

Least serious, affects epidermis, get it from sunburns, scalding, and electrical burns Symptoms: redness, dry skin, swelling, pain Treatment: cool water and time

Question 37

2nd Degree Burn

Answer 37

Affects the epidermis and dermis, looks wet or moist, caused by overexposure to the sun or other radiation, chemical, and electrical burns Symptoms: blisters, pain, swelling, red or white splotches of skin Treatment: rinse the burn in cool water, clean the burn, bandage the burn, go to the doctor

Question 38

3rd Degree Burn

Answer 38

Affects all layers of skin, causes blood loss and damages nerves Symptoms: burned skin looks black, brown, or white, leathery skin, nerves can be destroyed resulting in numbness Treatment: Hospital, cut off dead tissue

Question 39

4th Degree Burn

Answer 39

Most severe, goes deep to muscle or bone, destroys nerves, no feeling Symptoms: charred skin possibly white, exposed bone or muscle tissue Treatment: hospital, raise the burn above the heart, cover with loose bandages, flush with water if chemical burn

Question 40

Stretch Marks

Answer 40

A type of scar the occurs when skin stretches, from weight loss or gain or pregnancy Symptoms: scars Treatment: Creams and time

Question 41

Calluses

Answer 41

Small areas of thickened skin formed by repetitive friction on an area of skin Symptoms: pain, hard area on skin, Treatments: soaking in warm soapy water and scraping the callus off