Integumentary System

Question 1

hair follicle

Answer 1

Extends from the epidermal surface to the dermis and produces hair

Question 2

Eccrine Sudoriferous Gland

Answer 2

Produces sweat and functions in thermoregulation

Question 3

Epidermis

Answer 3

superficial layer of skin composed of stratified squamous epithelium

Question 4

Dermis

Answer 4

Under the epidermis and composed mostly of fibrous connective tissue

Question 5

Hypodermis

Answer 5

Subcutaneous tissue deep under the skin and mostly abundant adipose tissue

Question 6

Increased body temperature

Answer 6

Dermal blood vessels will vasodilate to allow heat to dissipate

Question 7

Decrease body temperature

Answer 7

Dermal blood vessels will vasoconstrict to conserve body heat

Question 8

Melanoma Skin Cancer

Answer 8

Very likely to metastasize; most dangerous; cancer of the melanocytes

Question 9

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Answer 9

Appears as a scaly reddened papule; grows rapidly; metastasizes; starts in the stratum spinosum

Question 10

Lunule

Answer 10

White crescent area located over the nail matrix

Question 11

Hemoglobin, Carotene, and Melanin

Answer 11

Pigments that contribute to skin color

Question 12

Vitamin D

Answer 12

Synthesized by the skin and needed for Calcium absorption

Question 13

Sensory receptors

Answer 13

Located in the skin and allows the skin to receive stimuli

Question 14

Epidermis and Dermis

Answer 14

Main layers of the skin

Question 15

Melanocytes

Answer 15

Spidery-shaped cells in the stratum basale that produce melanin; all humans will have about the same amount

Question 16

First-degree burn

Answer 16

Epidermal damage only; redness, edema and pain

Question 17

Second-degree burn

Answer 17

Epidermal and upper dermal damage; redness, pain, and blisters

Question 18

Third-degree burn

Answer 18

Full-thickness damage; gray-white to blackened; no edema or pain; grafts usually necessary

Question 19

Stratum basale

Answer 19

Base/deepest layer of epidermis; active mitosis; composed of melanocytes

Question 20

Stratum spinosum

Answer 20

Layer of epidermis; Kerantinocytes location; squamous cell carcinoma starts here

Question 21

Stratum granulosum

Answer 21

Layer of epidermis; Keratinization begins in this layer

Question 22

Stratum lucidum

Answer 22

Layer of epidermis only in thick skin; cells here die from lack of nutrients and oxygen; clear layer

Question 23

Stratum corneum

Answer 23

Most superficial layer of the epidermis; horny layer; acts as a water proof barrier

Question 24

Dehydration

Answer 24

First threat to life of someone with a critical burn

Question 25

Diffusion

Answer 25

Process that allows the avascular epidermis to receive nutrients

Question 26

Apocrine and Eccrine Glands

Answer 26

The two types of sudoriferous glands that may be stimulated by both high temperatures and hormones (especially androgens); regulated by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Question 27

Apocrine Sweat Glands

Answer 27

Begin functioning at puberty; under hormonal control; located in axillary and anogenital area; function unknown; odorless milky to yellowish colored secretions

Question 28

Eccrine Sweat Glands

Answer 28

Secretions 99% water; responsible for body temperature regulation; located on forehead and back

Question 29

Keratin

Answer 29

Water-proofing protein found in the skin, hair and nails

Question 30

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Answer 30

Tissue of the epidermal layer of the skin

Question 31

Sebum

Answer 31

Oily secretion of sebaceous glands; prevents bacterial invasions of the skin by killing bacteria

Question 32

Sebaceous glands

Answer 32

Secrete mixture of oily substances and fragmented cells (sebum); mostly inactive until puberty; stimulated by hormones (especially androgens); infectious inflammation of these glands can result in acne

Question 33

Integumentary System

Answer 33

Made up of the skin, hair, nails, and glands

Question 34

Nail Bed

Answer 34

Epidermis underneath keratinized nail plate; appears pink in the presence of many blood vessels in the underlying dermis

Question 35

Dermal papillae

Answer 35

Located in the papillary layer of the dermis; create dermal and epidermal ridges; create unique fingerprints and footprints

Question 36

Cyanosis

Answer 36

Blue skin color

Question 37

Erythema

Answer 37

Redness; fever, hypertension, inflammation, embarrassment or allergy

Question 38

Pallor

Answer 38

Blanching or pale color; fear, anger, anemia, or low blood pressure

Question 39

Jaundice

Answer 39

Yellow cast; liver disorders

Question 40

Bronzing

Answer 40

Appearance of a permanent tan; Addison's disease

Question 41

Ceruminous gland

Answer 41

Modified apocrine gland; produces cerumen (ear wax)

Question 42

Mammary gland

Answer 42

Modified apocrine gland; produces milk

Question 43

Arrector pili muscle

Answer 43

Smooth muscle attached to the hair follicle; responsible for "goose bumps"

Question 44

Hair shaft

Answer 44

Area of a hair that extends above the scalp or skin

Question 45

Vernix caseosa

Answer 45

Sebaceous gland secretion that protects skin of fetus while in watery amniotic fluid; white, cheesy-looking substance

Question 46

Hair

Answer 46

Consists of dead keratinized cells; produced by the hair bulb (deep end of follicle); contains hard keratin

Question 47

Malignant

Answer 47

Cancerous

Question 48

Benign

Answer 48

Noncancerous; most skin tumors

Question 49

Thick Skin

Answer 49

Five epidermal strata; found on palms and soles

Question 50

Thin Skin

Answer 50

Four epidermal strata; lacks the clear layer of the epidermis

Question 51

UV radiation

Answer 51

Overexposure is the single most important risk factor for skin cancer