Integumentary System

Question 1

what are the four types of tissue

Answer 1

connective, muscle, epithelial, nervous

Question 2

Skeletal muscle

Answer 2

long, fused cells
* multiple nuclei
* visible striations (you can see gaps)

Question 3

Smooth muscle

Answer 3

spindle shaped
* single nuclei (more oval shaped)
* no visible striations

Question 4

Cardiac muscle

Answer 4

branched & interconnected
* single nuclei (usually)
* visible striations
* only in the heart

Question 5

layers of the skin and what are they made of

Answer 5

1. epidermis (epithelial tissue)
2. Dermis(dense irregular
   connective tissue)
3. Hypodermis(loose connective tissue)

Question 6

Epidermal Layers from superficial to deep

Answer 6

1. stratum corneum
2. Stratum lucidum
3. Stratum granulosm
4. Stratum spinosom
5. Stratum basale

Question 7

Keratin

Answer 7

Long & fibrous hydrophobic proteins
* Forms durable, water resistant
protein filaments

Question 8

keratinization

Answer 8

New cells formed in Stratum Basale are pushed upwards away from source of nutrients & oxygen, accumulating more keratin. They undergo apoptosis and when they reach Stratum Corneum they slough off and are replaced by underlying cells going through keratinization.

Question 9

Thick skin

Answer 9

Thick skin has a thinner dermis than thin skin, and does not contain hairs, sebaceous glands, or apocrine sweat glands
found:fingertips, palms and the soles of your feet. (where there is abrasion)

Question 10

Stratum lucidum

Answer 10

ONLY in thick skin

Question 11

What does melanin and melanocytes do for your skin

Answer 11

provides pigments making skin color and protects skin from sun to an extent

Question 12

Uv rays effect skin how

Answer 12

UVA penetrates into the deeper skin layers(reticular layer of dermis), where connective tissue and blood vessels are affected.

Question 13

Ultraviolet Radiation Damages
Chemical Bonds

Answer 13

Photons carry energy
* Energy can break
chemical bonds

Question 14

papillary layer of dermis

Answer 14

highly vascular (blood vesicles to regulate body temp) right under the epidermis (loose connective tissue)

Question 15

reticular layer of dermis

Answer 15

contains nerve follicles and endings, as well as sweat glands (dense irregular connective tissue)

Question 16

What is hair made out of

Answer 16

Keratin

Question 17

What do sebaceous glands do

Answer 17

Produce oil

Question 18

What causes growth in the nail

Answer 18

Nail route pushes the nail(dead cells) to grow out

Question 19

Koilonychia

Answer 19

Spoon like nails caused by iron deficiency

Question 20

What can nails be indicators of

Answer 20

Disease

Question 21

hair matrix

Answer 21

Has the most mitotic activity

Question 22

nail root

Answer 22

Has the most mitotic activity

Question 23

Uv photons

Answer 23

Causes mutations in the RNA sequence changing the code on

Question 24

Basal cell carcinoma

Answer 24

Most common skin cancer, low risk of spreading, come from the stratum basale

Question 25

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 25

-abnormal keratin sites division and production -Second most common skin cancer -starts in the epidermidis and invades the dermis

Question 26

melanoma

Answer 26

Deadliest skin cancer, can spread easy to other organs Easy to cure if you catch it before it spreads survival drop 70.6% if it spreads to lymph notes

Question 27

What are the melanomas ABC DES

Answer 27

a- asymmetric if only part is raised b-border, if you can easily see where the bump ends c-Color is dark red patches can even be blue or orange d-diameter is greater than 6 mm or an eraser head e- evolving making rapid changes in appearance

Question 28

skin protection functions

Answer 28

Cycle damage, pathogens, chemicals, moisture or water loss, UV light, high and low temperatures

Question 29

corns

Answer 29

Thick skin can be soft or hard and are often painful caused by friction

Question 30

Calus

Answer 30

Hard and thick, wider and not painful caused by friction

Question 31

Hyper keratosis can cause what

Answer 31

Keratin can cause a callous or corn

Question 32

blisters

Answer 32

Separation in the layers of skin which causes the blister to fill with fluid

Question 33

Pressure ulcers or bedsores

Answer 33

Caused by pressure of bone against a hard surface that pinches off blood vessels

Question 34

Necrotizing fasciitis

Answer 34

Bacteria affects an open wound

Question 35

1st Degree burn

Answer 35

Only affects the epidermidis

Question 36

2nd degree burn

Answer 36

Burned through some of the dermis it is the most painful because that's where the nerves are

Question 37

3rd degree burn

Answer 37

Bern pass the dermis to the subcutaneous layer burns through the nerve so not as painful as second degree

Question 38

Vitamin D

Answer 38

Compound that aids absorption of calcium and phosphates in the intestine to improve bone health

Question 39

Medulla

Answer 39

In hair, the innermost layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix

Question 40

Stretch mark

Answer 40

Mark formed on the skin due to a sudden growth spurt and expansion of the dermis beyond its elastic limits

Question 41

desmosome

Answer 41

Structure that forms an impermeable junction between cells

Question 42

Root hair plexus

Answer 42

What structure of the hair or hair follicle lets you feel the wind blowing through your hair

Question 43

major function of the hypodermis

Answer 43

Stabilizing the position of the skin