tissues

Question 1

exocrine gland

Answer 1

Secretions through ducts onto epithelial surfaces (Outside)

Question 2

endocrine

Answer 2

Hormones, no ducts, Into blood & interstitial fluid (inside)

Question 3

serous glands

Answer 3

Watery, serous solutions
–Often protein-rich

Question 4

• mucous glands

Answer 4

–Thick, viscous, carbohydrate-rich
–Gel-like mucin glycoproteins

Question 5

sebaceous gland

Answer 5

sebum – oily, waxy secretions

Question 6

mixed glands

Answer 6

• both serous & mucous

Question 7

Merocrine secretion

Answer 7

cell stays intact
ex: salivary gland
secretion from the bottom of epitheliam upward

Question 8

Apocrine secretion

Answer 8

apex (top) breaks off and becomes part of the secretion
ex: maMMARY glands

Question 9

Holocrine secretion

Answer 9

whole cell reptures
cells grow and divide at the base and cells at the top die and release secretion
ex: sebaceous gland of hair follicle

Question 10

Connective tissue function

Answer 10

provides support & structure for
epithelial tissue
diverse and specialized

Question 11

Extracellular Matrix is made of what

Answer 11

extracellular proteins and fluid like ground substance

Question 12

Types of Extracellular Matrix (ECM)
Fibers

Answer 12

collagen
* reticular fibers– special type & arrangement of collagen
* elastic fibers

Question 13

Ground Substance

Answer 13

Fluid & gel-like (except
bone & cartilage)
* Composition varies between tissues
* Often includes:
–glycosaminoglycans
–proteoglycans
–glycoproteins
*
“glyco-”: relating to
sugar

Question 14

mesenchyme cell

Answer 14

Embryonic tissue
* Type of stem cell
* Loosely connected
& migrate

Question 15

Stem Cells

Answer 15

1. Stem cells can develop into
   other types of cells
2. Stem cells can regenerate &
   produce more stem cells

Question 16

Differentiation

Answer 16

process by which stem cells
become specialized cells
– Stem cells “choose” certain
genes to develop into
specialized cells

Question 17

Fibroblasts

Answer 17

Most abundant connective tissue cell type
* Secrete all types of ECM protein fibers
* Easily divide & regenerate
* Can develop into mature fibrocytes

Question 18

blast”

Answer 18

“immature”
embryonic form of a cell
* Can divide to make more cells

Question 19

cyte”

Answer 19

If a “-cyte” has a “-blast” form,
“-cyte” is the “mature” form

Question 20

Fibroblasts

Answer 20

Most abundant cell type in Connective tissue proper Secrete proteins(e.g. collagen & elastin
-lots of protein synthesis

Question 21

Fibrocyte

Answer 21

-2nd most abdundant
-Maintain fibers
-limited protein synthesis

Question 22

Melanocytes

Answer 22

cell that produces and
stores melanin

Question 23

melanin

Answer 23

class of brown/black or red
pigments

Question 24

Adipocytes

Answer 24

-fat cells
-Store triglycerides & cholesterol

Question 25

Macrophages

Answer 25

Eat pathogens, damaged cells, debris * May be stationary or mobile

Question 26

Neutrophils (microphages)

Answer 26

eat debris & pathogens thru phagoccytosis

Question 27

Granulocytes

Answer 27

Promote inflammation * Impede & destroy pathogens

Question 28

Loose connective tissue

Answer 28

“Packing materials” of the body

Question 29

Areolar

Answer 29

Least specialized * Open area of fiber framework –Elastic fibers –Thick ground substance fills the gaps * Holds nerves, ducts, & vessels in place

Question 30

Reticular Tissue

Answer 30

reticulum – “network” * Provides support * Complex, three dimensional network * Supportive fibers (stroma) –Support functional cells (parenchyma)

Question 31

Adipose Tissue

Answer 31

Contains many adipocytes (fat cells) * Adipocytes in adults do not divide –Mesenchymal cells can become adipocytes –Store excess energy –Metabolize fats for energy

Question 32

types of adipose tissue

Answer 32

white, brown and beige

Question 33

Dense Connective Tissues

Answer 33

Less fluid ground substance; more densely packed fibers

Question 34

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

Answer 34

Tightly packed, parallel collagen fibers

Question 35

Tendons

Answer 35

attach muscles to bones

Question 36

ligaments

Answer 36

attach bones to bones –or stabilize organs

Question 37

aponeuroses

Answer 37

sheets attached to flat muscles

Question 38

dense irregular

Answer 38

interwoven networks of collagen(fibers going in multiple directions) -Layered in skin -Wraps around cartilage (perichondrium) & bones (periosteum) -Form capsules around some organs

Question 39

Elastic Tissue

Question 40

plasma

Answer 40

extracellular matrix of blood

Question 41

mast cells

Answer 41

release histomine and help with allergies

Question 42

lymphocyte

Answer 42

immature cells that defend against pathogens

Question 43

white adipose

Answer 43

more common, fat and lipid storage

Question 44

brown adipose

Answer 44

has a lot more mitochondia, infants have a lot

Question 45

mucous membrane

Answer 45

Tissue membrane that is covered by protective thick secretions and lines tissue exposed to the outside environment

Question 46

fibrocartilage

Answer 46

Toughest form of cartilage, made of thick bundles of collagen fibers embedded in chondroitin sulfate ground substance

Question 47

hayline cartilage

Answer 47

Most common type of cartilage, smooth and made of short collagen fibers embedded in a chondroitin sulfate ground substance

Question 48

basement membrane

Answer 48

In epithelial tissue, a thin layer of fibrous material that anchors the epithelial tissue to the underlying connective tissue; made up of the basal lamina and reticular lamina

Question 49

spot desmosome

Answer 49

________ is a type of junction between cells that provides a strong connection between cells that resists stretching and twisting.

Question 50

mesenchyme

Answer 50

Embryonic tissue from which connective tissue cells derive