Integumentary System

Question 1

Layers of the Epidermis

Corny Lucy’s Grandma Sips Beer
CLGSB

Answer 1

Corneum
Lucidum
Granulosum
Spinosum
Basale

Superficial to deep

Question 2

Karatinization

Answer 2

Cells flatten and fill with keratin (Protein)
Move from stratum basale to stratum corneum
40-56 day process
Continual renewal of skin

Question 3

Gland Types

Answer 3

Eccrine
Apocrine
Sebaceous

Question 4

Eccrine Glands

Answer 4

Located everywhere - primarily on palms and soles of feet
Secrete mostly water and some salts

Question 5

Apocrine Glands

Answer 5

Associated with hair follicles in arm pits and groin
Secretes thick organic material - mostly odorless
Wuickly broken down by bacteria = B.O.

Question 6

Sebaceous Glands

Answer 6

Connected to hair follicles all over body
Produce sebum - oily, white substance containing lots of lipids
Prevents drying of skin and repels some bacteria

Question 7

Melanocytes

Answer 7

Cells located in stratum basale
Transfer melanin to sorround epithelial cells
Everyone has about the same number of melanocytes

Question 8

Pigmentation of the Skin

Specific Areas

Answer 8

Increased Melanin
Freckles, moles, nipple, areolae
Decreased Melanin
Lips, palms, soles
No Melanin
Albinism

Question 9

Bood Flow

How it affects pigmentation

Answer 9

Increase - Red
Decrease - pale
Low blood oxygen - cyanosis (Blue)

Question 10

3 Layers of Hair

Answer 10

Cuticle
Cortex
Medulla

Question 11

Follicle Wall of Hair

Answer 11

Made of connective (superficial) and epithelial (deep) tissues

Question 12

Hair Growth

Answer 12

Occurs in the bulb (at base of hair)
Occurs in cycles
Eyelash = 30 days - 105 days
Scalp hair = 3 years - 1-2 years

Buld always rests on dermal papillae

Question 13

Parts of the Nail

Answer 13

Nail Body, Free Edge, Nail Root, Eponychium, Nail Matrix, and Lunula

Question 14

Nail Body

Answer 14

Visible Nail

Question 15

Free Edge

Answer 15

Distal edge of the nail

Question 16

Nail Root

Answer 16

Portion of nail not visible

Question 17

Eponychium

Answer 17

The cuticle. Skin at base of nail. Stratum Corneum.

Question 18

Nail Matrix

Answer 18

Bed of dividing cells deep to nail root

Question 19

Lunula

Answer 19

White cresecent at base of nail body. Visible nail matrix

Question 20

Vitamin D poroduction

Answer 20

Exposure to UV light forms Vitamin D precursour moecule
Travels to liver and is modified
Then travels to kidney to become active Vitamin D
Active Vitamin D stimulates uptake of Calcium and phosphate in intestines

Often needs to be supplemented by diet

Question 21

How does your body regulate Temperature

Answer 21

Vasoconstriction, Goodebumps, Vasodialation, Sweat

Question 22

Jaundice

Answer 22

Skin Apepars yellow
Easily seen in eyes
Indication of liver problems
Results from build up of bile pigments that liver usually disposes of

Question 23

Meissner’s Corpuscles

Answer 23

Located in superficial dermis
Detect light touch

Question 24

Pacinian Corpuscles

Answer 24

Located in deep dermis
Detect Deep Pressure

Question 25

Types of Burns

Answer 25

First Degree Second Degree Third Degree ## Footnote Possible Fourth Degree

Question 26

Partial Thickness burns

Answer 26

First and Second Degree

Question 27

Full Thickness Burns

Answer 27

Third and Fourth Degree Burn

Question 28

First Degree Burn

Answer 28

Damage only to EPIDERMIS Red, Painful, sometimes itchy May cause headache or low fever Heals in days to a week No blistering or scarring

Question 29

First Degree Burns ## Footnote Causes

Answer 29

Exposure to sun Brief exposure to moist or dry heat or chemicals Friction (Rug or Rope Burns) Common Causes 1. Beverages or water >120 degrees F 2. Hot grease/oil 3. Cigarettes

Question 30

First Degree Burns ## Footnote Treatment

Answer 30

Place under cool running water (5-10 minutes) Moist Towel or cloth is good Aloe based gels and creams are okay Common pain relievers may help NO ice NO butters or oils (will actually trap heat) NO adhesive bandages (Must get air)

Question 31

Second Degree Burns

Answer 31

Damages EPIDERMIS and some DERMIS Very painful, quite red, and blisters May look moist from fluid loss May lead to shock Wide variety of second degree burns Heals in 10 days - 2 months

Question 32

Second Degree Burns ## Footnote Causes

Answer 32

Sunburn Open Flames Hot liquids Chemicals

Question 33

Second Degree Burns ## Footnote Treatment

Answer 33

Same Rules as first degree burns Higher risk of infection from broken blisters Don't break blisters Elevate swollen areas May require Medical attention

Question 34

Third Degree Burns

Answer 34

Destroys EPIDERMIS and DERMIS Black or white in color No Pain - Nerves have been destroyed Sorrounded by 2nd and 1st degree burns Infection is a maojr concern May never completely heal Usually leaves scarring

Question 35

Third Degree Burns ## Footnote Causes

Answer 35

Corrosive Chemicals Flames Electricity Extremely hot objects Clothing cathcing fire

Question 36

Third Degree Burns ## Footnote Treatment

Answer 36

Require Medical Attention Remove clothing, but not if stuck to burn Again use cool water and elevation Anitbiotics Replace loss of fluids - IV Skin Grafts

Question 37

Fourth Degree Burns | A.K.A. Severe Third Degree Burn

Answer 37

Same as third degree Plus the muscle and bone below the skin are damage or destroyed Very Critical Situation Often Fatal

Question 38

Body Surface Area

Answer 38

Used to Determine Severity of a burn Assesses the likelehood of recovery in sever cases Expressed as percent of body burned Arms - 9% each Legs - 18% each Groin - 1% Torso - 18% each side Head - 9%

Question 39

Types of Skin Cancer

Answer 39

Basal Cell Carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma Malignant Melanoma

Question 40

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Answer 40

Begins with cells in stratum basale Spread to dermis and creates an ulcer Most frequent type of skin cancer Very unlikely to spread Can be treated with radiation therapy or surgical removal

Question 41

Basal Cell Carcinoma ## Footnote Warning Signs

Answer 41

An Open sore that does not heal A reddish patch or irritated area A shiny bump or nodule A small pink growht A scar-like area

Question 42

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Answer 42

Begins in stratum spinosum Cells continue to divide Results in nodular tumor Can spread into dermis May be fatal

Question 43

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ## Footnote Signs

Answer 43

Most often on areas exposed to UV radiation Can develop in scars, skin sores, and other areas of skin injury Can appear as thick, rough, scaly patches that may crust or bleed. Sometimes SCCs show up as growhts that are raised at the edges with a lower area in teh cetnre that may bleed or itch

Question 44

Malignant Melanoma

Answer 44

Begins with melanocytes often from a mole Watch for changing shape or growht Spreads very quickly often fatal

Question 45

Malignant Melanoma ## Footnote ABCDEs

Answer 45

A is for Asymmetry * Most are Asymmetrical B is for Border * Melanoma borders tend to be uneven and may have scalloped or notched edges C is for Color * Multiple colors is a warning sign D is for Diameter or Dark * Warning Sign if size of pencil eraser E is for Evolving * Any change in size, shape, color or elevation of a spot on your skin may be a warning sign of MM