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ANAT 200 > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Major functions (4)

A
  • physical/immunological protection
  • thermoregulation
  • sensation
    -metabolic function ( vit D, stores fat)
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2
Q

Tissue Composition

A

1- epithelium
2- connective tissue
3- smooth muscle
4- nerve

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3
Q

Epithelium

A

covers surface, forms boundary

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4
Q

Connective tissue

A

supports epithelium- strength/resilant

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5
Q

Smooth muscle

A

controls blood vessel diameter (blushing), hair position (hair up/down)

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6
Q

Nerve

A

controls smooth muscle
generates sensation (tactile/temp etc)
stims exocrine glands

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7
Q

Structure of skin

A

Epidermis (TOP)
dermis- nerves, muscle, connective tissue
hypodermis - fat reserves (BOTTOM)

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8
Q

How to dermis and epidermis connect?

A

Epidermal ride + dermal papilla interlock (peak-and-valley) - RESIST shearing stress

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9
Q

Structure of epidermis (7)

A
  • Stratum Corneum (superficial)
    -stratum lucidum
    -stratum granulosum
    -stratum spinosum
  • stratum germinativum
  • dermal papilla
    -dermis
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10
Q

Stratum Germinativum

A

aka stratum basale (large basal cells)
-attached to basil lamina
- stem cells divide –> new keratinocytes
-

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11
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

Made up of Keratinocytes –> contain tonofilaments (protein)
desmosomes (space in between) - attach keratinocytes together
last layer keratinocytes can divide

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12
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

production of keratohyalin and keratin
secrete lipids - fill spaces bt/wn kertinocytes (water- repellent )

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13
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A

CLEAR LAYER
large amounts of keratin & thick plasma membranes
ONLY FOUND in volar skin

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14
Q

Stratum Corneum

A

layers of dead cell - continous shed
water repellant barrier
protect against abrasion

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15
Q

Thick vs think skin

A

Thin skin - thin stratum corneum
- less clear layers
- dermal papillae/epidermal ridges less developed

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16
Q

Dermis - Papillary layer

A

-thin layer
-areolar connective tissue
- increase area of contact w epidermis
-has nerve endings

17
Q

Dermis- Reticular layer

A
  • thick layer
  • dense, irregular c. tissue
  • elastic fibres
18
Q

lines of cleavage

A

differently aligned collagen fiber bundles in the body
- align along lines of tension

19
Q

Hypodermis structure

A

superficial fascia
stabalizes position of skin
loose connective tissue- stores fat

20
Q

merkel cells

A

specialized skin cell
least common type
located in basal layer (stratum germinativum) - touch sensation

21
Q

langerhans cells

A

originate in bone marrow - migrate to epidermis
phagocyte - immune response

22
Q

Melanocyte

A

in between keratinocyte -produced melanin

23
Q

Skin colour

A

blood supply to dermis
oxygenated hemoglobin- pink skin hue
deoxygenated hemoglobin- blue skin hue
blood vessel dilation (increase blood flow)- redness

24
Q

three pigments

A

Carotene (yellow/orange)
pheomelanin (red/yellow)
melanin (brown/black)

25
Q

melanin

A

in darker skin- melanosomes are lager, keratinocytes persist to more superficial layers if skin (pigmentation)

26
Q

Exocrine glands

A

1) sweat - merocrine (eccerine) secretion –> exocytosis no cell death
2) sebaceous glands - secrete oily lipid –> coats hair and skin surface
-holocrine secretion –> secretory product invades cell which burst for product release CELL DEATH)

27
Q

Sweat glands (2)

A

simple coiled tube glands
1) apocrine sweat glands - odiferous sweat –> Merocrine mechanism, specific to body region, secrete water, electrolytes, lipids, proteins (emotional stress/arousal)
2) Merocrine glands- normal sweat glands –> widespread, regulate body temp, secrete water/electolytes

28
Q

Special apocrine sweat glands (2)

A

1) Ceruminous glands
modified sweat glands
secrete waxy cerumen (ear wax) via merocrine secretion
2) Mammary glands
specialized for milk production
apocrine secretion–> product released with shedding + no cell death
regulated by sexual/pituitary hormones

29
Q

hair

A

covers all body surfaces except volar skin
uv protection/ thermal insulation
touch sensation/particle filtration

30
Q

anatomy of a hair follicle

A

LOOK AT DIAGRAM

31
Q

Types of hair (3)

A

1) Vellus hair - peach fuzz
2) Intermediate hairs- hairs of limbs, distribution based on sex hormones
3) terminal hairs - more pigmented, sclap, eyebrows etc

32
Q

Hair growth cycle

A

Scalp-
2-6 years, rest = 3 months (no growth)

ANAT 200 (6 decks)

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