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A&P > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Integument

A

skin

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2
Q

Dermatology

A

study of skin

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3
Q

Epidermis

A

keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium, superficial

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4
Q

Dermis

A

deeper layer, primarily dense irregular CT (proper CT);
2 layers:
papillary
deeper reticular

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5
Q

Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)

A

deep to dermis; layer of areolar and adipose CT; not apart of integumentary system

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6
Q

Layers of epidermis (deep to stratified)

A

Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum

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7
Q

Stratum basale (basal layer)

A

deepest epidermal layer; germinative layer; single layer of cells;
Cell Types:
Keratinocytes (living cells)
Melanocytes
Tactile cells

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8
Q

Keratinocytes

A

most abundant cells in epidermis, divide to regenerate new cells, replace old cells shed at surface; synthesizing of keratin

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9
Q

Keratin

A

protein that strengthens epidermis and makes skin almost waterproof

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10
Q

Melanocytes

A

scattered among keratinocytes; produces and stores melanin in response to UV light; transfer pigment granules (melanosomes) into keratinocytes; shields nuclear DNA from UV radiation

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11
Q

melanosomes

A

packaged melanin; the pigment accumulates around nucleus of keratinocytes

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12
Q

Tactile Cells (merkel cells)

A

few; sensitive to touch; when compressed release chemicals to stimulate sensory nerve endings

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13
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

several layers of keratinocytes; daughter cells from stratum basale

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14
Q

Epidermal Dendritic cells (langerhans cells)

A

branching extensions; initiate immune response; phagocytosis cells; responsive to pathogens and epidermal cancer cells

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15
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

3-5 layers of keratinocytes; beginning of keratinization, producing keratin but not enough that it is still alive, nucleus and organelles start to disintegrate

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16
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

2-3 layers, translucent; only on thick skin on palms and soles; transparent because of intermediate product in maturation of keratin; composed of dead skin cells

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17
Q

Stratum corneum

A

most superficial, 20-30 layers of dead skin; cells are anucleste and tightly packed; dry surface protects and is unsuitable for microorganism growth; about 2 weeks then shed

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18
Q

anucleate

A

without a nucleus

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19
Q

Migration of keratinocytes

A

originate from stem stem cells in stratum basale
migrates through strata to stratum corneum (2 weeks)
undergoes structural changes

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20
Q

Thick Skin

A

palm of hands and soles of feet; all 5 layers of epidermal strata; sweat glands; no hair follicles or sebaceous glands

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21
Q

Thin Skin

A

covers most of body; lacks stratum lucidum; contains sweat glands, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands

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22
Q

Papillary layer

A

superficial region; areolar CT; consists of dermal papillae

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23
Q

Dermal papillae

A

projections of the dermis

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24
Q

Epidermal Ridges

A

projections of epidermis; interlocking arrangement with the dermal papillae

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25
Reticular Layer
most of the dermis, dense irregular CT; deeper portion; large bundles of collagen fibers
26
Contributions to skin color
hemoglobin, carotene, and melanin
27
Hemoglobin
oxygen binding protein in red blood cells; gives blood vessels reddish tint
28
Carotene
accumulates in subcutaneous fat and keratinocytes of stratum corneum; yellow-orange pigment
29
Melanin
produced and stored in melanocytes; brown, tan, black, yellow-brown shades; transferred to keratinocytes in stratum basale; UV stimulates melanin production; everyone has around the same number of melanocytes; determined by heredity and light exposure
30
Subcutaneous Layer
hypodermis, not part of integument; areolar and adipose CT; protects body, acts as energy reservoir, and provides thermal insulation
31
Nails
scale like modifications of stratum corneum; protect distal tips of digits; assist in grasping objects; hard firm keratinized cells(dead)
32
Nail body
the length of the nail
33
Lunula
crescent shape; more tissue so it’s not pink
34
Eponychium (cuticle)
protection
35
Free body
where the nails comes off of the nail bed
36
Hair
single hair, pills, shaped like a slender filament; keratinized cells; grows from hair follicles
37
Hair Bulb
swelling at base where the hair originates in dermis; surrounds hair papilla; only region containing living cells
38
Root
some of hair from bulb to skin surface
39
Shaft
portion of hair beyond skin surface
40
Hair follicle
oblique tube surrounding root; extends into dermis; outer CT root sheath from dermis; inner ET root root sheath from epidermis
41
Arrector Pili
thin ribbons of smooth muscle; extends from hair follicle to dermal papillae; elevates hair with contraction
42
3 phases of hair growth cycle
anagen, catagen, telogen
43
Anagen
active phase; tepidly growing, dividing, and transforming into hair; longest phase 18 months-7 years, 80-95% of follicles are in this phase; growth 0.5-1cm/month
44
Catagen Phase
brief regression period; cell division ceases; follicle undergoes involution, lasts about 3-4 weeks
45
Telogen
resting phase; hair is shed; lasts 3-4 months; hair bulb begins to regrow, reenters anagen phase
46
Function of Protection of Hair
protects scalp from sunburn and injury, nose hairs traps particles, eyelashes/ear hairs protects from foreign matter, eyebrows protects from sweat
47
Function of Facial Expression of hair
hairs of eyebrows enhance facial expression
48
Function of Heat retention of Hair
prevents loss of heat from scalp
49
Function of Sensory Reception of Hair
tactile receptors detect light touch
50
Function of Visual Identification of a hair
helps identify age or sex of individuals
51
Function of Chemical Signal Dispersal
disperse pheromones; involved with attracting sexual partners; secreted by specific sweat glands onto hair in axillary and pubis regions
52
Sweat Gland
coiled, tubular secretory portion in reticular dermis
53
Sweat Gland Duct
transports secretions to surface, opens on epidermal surface, sweat pore; secretion by exocytosis
54
Myoepithelial Cells
contract to squeeze gland, secret more sweat; respond to sympathetic stimulation; fight or flight response
55
Sweat
composed of 99% water and 1% other chemicals; includes electrolytes, metabolites, and waste products
56
thermoregulation
regulation of body temperature by fluid evaporation
57
secretion
provides a means for loss of water and electrolytes, may help eliminate ingested drugs, antibacterial/anti-fungal activity
58
Sebaceous Glands
produce oily secretion, sebum; lubricant for skin and hair, bactericidal, discharges into a hair follicle; stimulated by hormones, activated during puberty
59
Function of Integument
Protection Prevention of water loss/gain Secretion and Absorption Immune function Temperature regulation Sensory Reception
60
(FOTI) Protection
physical barrier
61
(FOTI) Prevention of water loss/gain
water resistance prevents absorption water loss by sweat, transpiration
62
(FOTI) Secretion
waste products secreted onto skin surface during sweating
63
(FOTI) Absorption
Selectively permeable and transdermal administration
64
Selectively Permeable
some materials pass through, others blocked
65
Transdermal Administration
some oil-soluble drugs delivered by adhesive patch, slowly penetrate epidermis, observed into blood vessels in dermis
66
(FOTI) Immune Function
Epidermal Dendritic Cells (Langerhans Cells); initiate immune reponse against pathogens via phagocytosis; located in stratum spinosum
67
(FOTI) Temperature Regulation
influenced by capillaries and sweat glands in dermis; vasoconstriction and vasodilatation
68
Vasoconstriction
shunting of blood away from periphery of body toward deeper structures, occurs when body tries to conserve heat
69
Vasodilation
more blood can travel close to surface, results in reddish/pink skin, flushed face during exercise
70
(FOTI) Sensory Reception
skin has extensive innervation(distribution of nerve fibers), touch receptors detect stimuli that send input to brain

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