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Biology 2 > Integumentary System 2 > Flashcards

Integumentary System 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Includes skin, hair, nails, glands; also contains sensory receptors & vascular network

A

Integumentary System

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2
Q

Functions of the skin

A

A) Protection
B) Thermoregulation
C) Sensation
D) Excretion
E) Absorption

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3
Q

via blood vessels in skin

A

Thermoregulation

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4
Q

touch & pressure

A

Tactile

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5
Q

warmth & coolness

A

Thermal

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6
Q

Water and some wastes

A

Excretion

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7
Q

Fat-soluble vitamins, O2, CO2 and some toxins – acetone, lead, mercury and poison ivy & oak

A

Absorption

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8
Q

Integumentary System

2 distinct layers

A

Epidermis

Dermis

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9
Q

Thinnest & outermost layer

A

Epidermis

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10
Q

Composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (30-50 cells thick)

A

Epidermis

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11
Q

4 specialized cell types

A

Keratinocytes
2) Melanocytes
3) Langerhans cells
4) Merkel cells

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12
Q

produce keratin

A

Keratinocytes

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13
Q

produce melanin

A

Melanocytes

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14
Q

arise from bone marrow and help to activate the immune system

A

Langerhans cells

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15
Q

associated with sensory neurons to aid in our sense of touch

A

Merkel cells

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16
Q

deepest

A

Stratum basale

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17
Q

1 cell layer thick

A

Stratum basale

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18
Q

Constantly reproducing

A

Stratum basale

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19
Q

10-25% melanocytes

A

Stratum basale

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20
Q

Several cell layers thick

A

Stratum spinosum

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21
Q

Large number of Langerhans cells

A

Stratum spinosum

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22
Q

3-5 cell layers thick

A

Stratum granulosum

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23
Q

Keratinization begins

A

Stratum granulosum

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24
Q

process by which cell’s internal structures die, degrade, and are replaced with keratin

A

Keratinization

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25
Q

Last layer with blood nutrient supply

A

Stratum granulosum

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26
Q

only in thick skin

A

Stratum lucidum

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27
Q

Thin band of flattened cells

A

Stratum lucidum

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28
Q

20-30 cell layers thick, 3/4 of epidermis

A

Stratum corneum

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29
Q

outermost

A

Stratum corneum

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30
Q

Deeper & thicker than epidermis

A

Dermis

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31
Q

Contains vascular network that “feeds” the epidermis & sensory receptors

A

Dermis

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32
Q

2 layers

A

Dermis

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33
Q

Dermis 2 layers

A

Papillary layer

Reticular layer

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34
Q

flexibility

A

Areolar connective tissue

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35
Q

extensions into the epidermis

A

Dermal papillae

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36
Q

Contain blood vessels, free nerve endings (pain) and Meissner’s corpuscles (touch receptors)

A

Papillary layer (20%)

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37
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue

A

Reticular layer (80%)

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38
Q

Contains blood vessels, glands, hair follicles, and Pacinian corpuscles (pressure receptors)

A

Reticular layer (80%)

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39
Q

Has some flexibility but can be torn or damaged

A

Reticular layer (80%)

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40
Q

Has some flexibility but can be torn or damaged

A

Scaring/Stretch marks
Blister

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41
Q

composed primarily of adipose tissue

A

Subcutaneous layer

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42
Q

contains major blood vessels

A

Subcutaneous layer

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43
Q

Results from a combination of 3 pigments

A

Skin color

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44
Q

Produced by melanocytes in stratum basale

A

Melanin

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45
Q

Red to yellow to brown-black

A

Melanin

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46
Q

Found in plants (carrots)

A

Carotene

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47
Q

Yellow to orange

A

Carotene

48
Q

More prominent in fair-skinned people

A

Hemoglobin

49
Q

Crimson

A

Hemoglobin

50
Q

most skin tumors are benign (warts) however some can spread (cancerous)

A

Skin cancer

51
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Skin cancer

52
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Skin cancer

53
Q

Melanoma

A

Skin cancer

54
Q

skin inflammation

A

Dermatitis

55
Q

persistent flushing of the skin

A

Rosacea

56
Q

damage inflicted by intense heat, electricity, radiation or certain chemicals

A

Burns

57
Q

an active inflammation of the sebaceous glands

A

Acne

58
Q

excessive hairiness in women

A

Hirsutism

59
Q

baldness

A

Alopecia

60
Q

a chronic, non-contagious autoimmune disease which affects the skin and joints

A

Psoriasis

61
Q

commonly causes red scaly patches to appear on the skin

A

Psoriasis

62
Q

commonly causes red scaly patches to appear on the skin

A

psoriatic plaques

63
Q

pili

A

pili

64
Q

Palms, soles, lips, nipples, penis, & labia minora

A

hairless

65
Q

Serves protective function

A

Hair

66
Q

Hair 3 parts

A

Shaft
Root
Bulb

67
Q

Shaft & root are subdivided into 3 sections

A

Medulla, Cortex, Cuticle

68
Q

middle

A

Cortex

69
Q

innermost

A

Medulla

70
Q

Root and bulb are also surrounded by a

A

hair follicle

71
Q

Root and bulb 2 parts

A

Inner root sheath
Outer root sheath

72
Q

Surrounded by a connective tissue sheath

A

Root and bulb

73
Q

The bulb is surrounded by

A

touch receptors

74
Q

It also has matrix cells

A

bulb

75
Q

Arise from stratum basale

A

matrix cells

76
Q

Responsible for the growth of existing hair

A

matrix cells

77
Q

Contain melanocytes

A

matrix cells

78
Q

contains blood vessels

A

Papilla

79
Q

Hair normally at an angle; cause hair to “stand up” = goose-bumps

A

Arrector pili muscle

80
Q

Protection & grasping

A

Nails

81
Q

Dense parallel arrangement of keratin fibrils

A

Nails

82
Q

not in contact with nail bed; the part we cut

A

Free edge

83
Q

portion on the nail bed that we can see

A

Body

84
Q

also lies on nail bed but we can’t see it

A

Root

85
Q

deeper epidermal layers

A

Nail bed

86
Q

thickened portion of the nail bed from which the nail grows

A

Nail matrix

87
Q

crescent shaped, whitish portion of nail at proximal end

A

Lunula

88
Q

folds of overlying skin on proximal and lateral sides

A

Nail folds

89
Q

portion of proximal nail fold that extends onto the nail body

A

Cuticle

90
Q

Open onto epidermal layer but located in dermis

A

Glands

91
Q

All exocrine

A

Glands

92
Q

oil glands

A

Sebaceous glands

93
Q

associated with hair follicles

A

Sebaceous glands

94
Q

produce sebum – protects hair

A

Sebaceous glands

95
Q

sweat glands

A

Sudoriferous glands

96
Q

Everywhere, but most numerous on palms, soles, axillary & pubic regions, and forehead

A

Sudoriferous glands

97
Q

Sudoriferous glands 2 types

A

Eccrine glands, Apocrine glands

98
Q

Axillary & pubic regions

A

Apocrine glands

99
Q

Ducts open onto hair follicles

A

Apocrine glands

100
Q

Become active during puberty

A

Apocrine glands

101
Q

most abundant

A

Eccrine glands

102
Q

Palms, soles & forehead

A

Eccrine glands

103
Q

Ducts open directly onto skin

A

Eccrine glands

104
Q

Active at birth

A

Eccrine glands

105
Q

Sudor

A

Perspiration

106
Q

Relatively odorless

A

Perspiration

107
Q

Water, salts, urea, uric acid and traces of other elements

A

Perspiration

108
Q

Functions in cooling & excretion of wastes

A

Perspiration

109
Q

Contains enzymes that destroy bacteria

A

Perspiration

110
Q

Found in ear canal

A

Ceruminous glands

111
Q

Modified apocrine gland

A

Ceruminous glands

112
Q

Cerumen

A

Ceruminous glands

113
Q

earwax

A

Cerumen

114
Q

Protection & keep tympanum from drying out

A

Cerumen

115
Q

Produce milk for newborn

A

Mammary glands

116
Q

Specialized sweat glands

A

Mammary glands

Biology 2 (11 decks)

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