Integumentary System

Question 1

_______ are structures that come from the dermis and project into the epidermal base.

Answer 1

Dermal papillae

Question 2

________ are adjoining epidermal projections that correspond to dermis surface

Answer 2

epidermal ridges

Question 3

what types of interdigitation do thin skin have?

Answer 3

peg and socket

Question 4

what types of interdigitations does thick skin have?

Answer 4

ridges and grooves

Question 5

What subcutaneous loose connective tissue lays deep of the dermis?

Answer 5

hypodermis

Question 6

the hypodermis, not part of the skin, but forms loose adhesion of skin to underlying tissue contains…

Answer 6

adipocytes

Question 7

4 functions of the skin

Answer 7

1. receptor organ
2. protection against impact and friction
3. protection against UV - pigment melanin
4. glands, blood vessels and adipose - thermoregulation, body metabolism and excretion

Question 8

Total thickness of skin, including dermis

Answer 8

up to 4 mm

Question 9

smooth, non-hairy. sometimes stratum lucidum is a marker

Answer 9

thick (glaborous)

Question 10

hairy skin

Answer 10

thin

Question 11

Which two layers of the epithelium are mitotic

Answer 11

stratum basale & spinosum

Question 12

Which layer of epithelium has abundant rough ER; producing protein

Answer 12

stratum basale

Question 13

these attach stratum basale to underlying layer

Answer 13

desmosome and hemidesmosomes

Question 14

these filaments are produced by the stratum basale

Answer 14

cytokeratins

Question 15

these filament bundles in the stratum spinosum attach to the desmosomes interconnecting each cell and give the spinous appearance in histological preparations

Answer 15

tonofibrils

Question 16

Which stratum in the epithelium is thicker in areas of greater abrasion

Answer 16

spinosum

Question 17

Five layers of epithelium (from deep to superior)

Answer 17

1. s. basale
2. s. spinosum
3. s. granulosum
4. s. lucidum
5. 2. corneum

Question 18

why does s. granulosum stain dark

Answer 18

keratohyalin granules

Question 19

the lipid rich lamellar granules that seal the skin are located in the

Answer 19

s. granulosum

Question 20

this layer is more apparent in thick skin

Answer 20

lucidum

Question 21

nuclei and organelles are gone in these two layers

Answer 21

lucidum and corneum

Question 22

what densely packed structures are embedded in the matrix of lucidum

Answer 22

cytokeratin filaments

Question 23

Are desmosomes still present in stratum lucidum

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

What Is stratum corneum filled with

Answer 24

keratin, embedded in the matrix from keratohyalin granules ( from s. granulosum)

Question 25

Where are melanocytes found?

Answer 25

in and beneath s. basale

Question 26

How do melanocytes protect genetic material from UV radiation?

Answer 26

the melanin granules encirlce the nucleus of the keratinocytes

Question 27

Where are Langerhans cells derived from

Answer 27

bone marrow (mesoderm)

Question 28

where are most sensory nerve endings?

Answer 28

dermal layer

Question 29

which kind of cells may be sensory due to their association with free nerve endings? within thick skin

Answer 29

Merkel's cells

Question 30

What kind of connective tissue is the dermis

Answer 30

dense irregular

Question 31

what is in the papillary layer of the dermis

Answer 31

contains dermal pegs | lamina reticularis-reticular fibers that contribute to basement membrane

Question 32

what is the reticular layer of the dermis

Answer 32

dermatan sulfate elastic fiber netwrk

Question 33

the nerve endings in the dermis are...

Answer 33

encapsulated

Question 34

what happens if sebaceous glands are plugged

Answer 34

acne

Question 35

what do sebaceous glands produce

Answer 35

sebum- fat of the gland and remnant of dead secretory cells

Question 36

where are the sebaceous glands ducted into

Answer 36

hair follicle

Question 37

which sweat gland is larger and can extend all the way to the hypodermis? eccrine or apocrine

Answer 37

apocrine

Question 38

Which sweat gland is open to skin surface and produces sweat

Answer 38

eccrine

Question 39

which sweat gland is responsible for body odor

Answer 39

apocrine

Question 40

why is the apocrine gland responsible for body odor

Answer 40

their secretion is viscous and allows for bacterial decomposition=odor

Question 41

precancerous changes to corneal layer of epidermis, may turn into squamous cell carcinoma. also called solar keratoses

Answer 41

actinic keratosis

Question 42

locally invasive, yet can metastasize type of carcinoma

Answer 42

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 43

what is the most common type of carcinoma and is destructive to local tissue

Answer 43

basal cell carcinoma

Question 44

why is malignant melanoma so dangerous?

Answer 44

because melanocytes migrate into the epidermal layers, and they readily will leave this tissue and travel throughout the body and invade all tissues and organs.

Question 45

What predicts type of epithelial and connective tissue response

Answer 45

thickness of wound

Question 46

Four stages of wound healing

Answer 46

1. immediate or hemostasis 2. inflammation 3. proliferation 4. maturation

Question 47

What are the two layers of skin?

Answer 47

Dermis and Epidermis