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Phys Test 2 > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three structures of the integumentary system from superficial to deep?

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Subcutaneous Tissue
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2
Q

What differs the subcutaneous tissue from the dermis and epidermis?

A

It is not technically part of the skin, but is attached to it–superficial fascia/ loose adipose tissue

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3
Q

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

A
  1. Protection
    • barrier
    • cushioning
    • monitoring (Nervous system component)
    • UV
  2. Thermoregulation
  3. Blood Reservoir
  4. Excretion
  5. Vitamin Synthesis (tied with UV protection, vit D for bone development.)
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4
Q

What is the structure of the epidermis?

A
  1. Superficial layer
  2. Stratified squamous epithelium
  3. Avascular
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5
Q

What are the epidermis cells?

A
  1. Keratinocyte
  2. Melanocyte
  3. Langerhans Cells
  4. Merkel Cells
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6
Q

What are the majority of epidermis cells?

A

Keratinocytes

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7
Q

What do the keratinocytes do?

A
  1. Produce Keratin

2. Deeper cells constantly divide

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8
Q

What do melanocytes do, that has to do with what?

A

They produce melanin, which has to do with pigment

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9
Q

What do Langerhans Cells do?

A

They are responsible for recognizing foreign and harmful antigens and helping to remove them.

scout for the immune system

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10
Q

What do Merkel Cells do?

A

They are involved in the sensation of touch

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11
Q

An albino person would have none of which cell?

A

Melanocytes

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12
Q

How do melanocytes protect the nucleus?

A

It acts as a sort of umbrella and travels to the sunny side of the cell

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13
Q

What are the 5 epidermal layers? (Deep to Superficial)

A
  1. Stratum Basale
  2. Stratum Spinosum
  3. Stratum Granulosum
  4. Stratum Lucidum
  5. Stratum Corneum
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14
Q

What is the A.k.a for Stratum Basale?

A

Stratum Germinativum

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15
Q

Continuous Mitosis happens at what epidermal layer?

A

Stratum Basale

Moves up through the skin layers. If calluses appear, there is more stimulus therefore more production

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16
Q

A single row of keratinocytes anchored to the basement membrane.

A

Stratum Basale

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17
Q

Provides strength and flexibility to the skin

A

Stratum Spinosum

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18
Q

These cells are dying

A

Stratum Granulosum

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19
Q

Flat, dead keratinocytes

A

Stratum Lucidum

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20
Q

Provides a toughness and strength where you need. For example; soles of feet, palm

A

Stratum Lucidum

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21
Q

Flat, dead keratinocytes that are shed

A

Stratum Corneum

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22
Q

Why are the cells in Stratum Granulosm, Stratum Lucidum and Stratum Corneum dying?

A

Because they are no longer close to a blood supply

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23
Q

What is the structure of the dermis?

A
  • CT (mostly loose areoler) layer separating epidermis and underlying adipose layer
  • Collagen and ellastin
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24
Q

What does the dermis contain?

A
  1. Blood vessels/nerves
  2. Meissner Corpuscles (touch receptors)
  3. Free nerve endings (pain, temperature)
  4. Pacinian Corpuscles (pressure, vibration)
  5. Sweat and Oil glands
  6. Hair embedded in dermis that continue to epiD.
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25
Subcutaneous Tissue A.k.a
Hypodermis
26
Structure of the subcutaneous tissue
areolar and adipose tissue
27
Function of Subcutaneous Tissue
Shock absorber and insulator
28
Pale, yellow, tan, black
Melanin
29
Yellow-orange
Carotene
30
Red/Pink
Hemoglobin
31
Redness (erythema)
Inflammatory response
32
Blue
Cyanosis
33
Blue/black
New bruising
34
Yellow
Jaundice
35
Yellow/green
old bruising
36
If someone had white under their eyelids, what could this tell you?
They have low hemoglobin levels, could be anemic
37
If someone had blue lips, what could this mean?
Cyanosis, no enough oxygen!
38
If someone has yellow discolouration or yellow eyes, what would this tell you?
Jaundice, liver disfunction
39
If someone has a yellow, green bruise, what does this tell you?
It is an older bruise, but doesnt mean it is healed.
40
The portion of hair that projects beyond the skin surface
Shaft
41
The part of the hair deep to the shaft that penetrates into the dermis
Root
42
The portion of hair surrounding the root
Follicle
43
Contract to pull the hair upright
Arrector Pili Muscle
44
Lubricates hair
Sebaceous Glands
45
Hair Colour
Melanin
46
Functions of hair
1. Protection: scalp, eyelashes, filtration 2. Thermoregulation (arrector pili) 3. Sensation
47
What are the three integumentary glands?
1. Sebaceous (oil) Glands 2. Sudoriferous (sweat) Glands 3. Ceruminous Glands
48
This gland is all over the skin (minus palms and soles)
Sebaceous Gland
49
What does sebum do?
1. Keeps skin moist 2. Prevents hair from becoming dry/brittle 3. Kills surface bacteria
50
Functions in thermoregulation and waste removal
Sudoriferous Glands
51
Sweat is released through pores and sometimes hair follicles
Sudoriferous Glands
52
Gland of external ear
Ceruminous Gland
53
What does cerumen do?
(Ear wax) -helps prevent foreign bodies from entering the ear
54
Hardened plates of tightly packed, hard, dead, keratinized epidermal cells
Nails
55
What are the functions of nails?
1. Protection 2. Small object manipulation 3. Scratching 4. Health status information
56
Sun and the Skin
1. Damage from acute overexposure 2. DNA damage 3. Collagen and elastic fibre damage from acute overexposure
57
Aging and Skin
1. Collagen fibres decrease in number and are not as functional 2. Elastin loses its elasticity 3. Fibroblasts decrease in number 4. Skin becomes thinner
58
Sheets of tissue covering or lining a part of the body
Membrane!
59
Underlying CT layer, what are the 3 types?
Epithelial Membrane 1. Mucous 2. Serous 3. Cutaneous
60
CT but no epithelium
Synovial
61
Supports epithelium, allows for some movement, contains vasculature for the epithelium
CT base
62
Line a body that opens directly to the exterior
Mucous Membrane
63
Mucous Membrane A.k.a
Mucosa
64
Mucous Membrane example
1. GI Tract 2. Respiratory Tract 3. Reproductive Tract
65
Mucous Membrane function
1. Protection (tight junctions, contains goblet cells | 2. Absorbtion
66
Line a body cavity that does not open directly to the exterior, also covers organs within the cavity
Serous Membrane
67
Serous Membrane has two layers
1. Parietal Layer | 2. Visceral Layer
68
Lines the cavity wall
Parietal Layer
69
Covers and adheres to the organs in the cavity
Visceral Layer
70
Simple squamous epithelium secretes serous fluid for lubrication. Examples are..
Pleura, pericardium, peritoneum

Phys Test 2 (5 decks)

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