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Phys Test 2 > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

Functions of the skeletal system

A
  1. Support
  2. Protection (organs, nerves, muscles, etc)
  3. Movement (Tensegrity)
  4. Mineral Homeostasis (Recevoir calcium, fats, minerals)
  5. Blood Cell Production (Hemapoiesis/hematopoiesis)
  6. Storage (minerals to release or absorb into blood)
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2
Q

4 Structures of bone

A
  1. Diaphysis
  2. Epiphyses
  3. Metaphysis
  4. Epiphyseal Growth Plate
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3
Q

Long main portion of the bone

A

Diaphysis (A.k.a shaft)

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4
Q

The ends of the bone

A

Epiphyses

sing. Epiphysis, adj. epiphyseal

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5
Q

The region between the end of the bone and the body

A

Metaphyses

sing. metaphysis

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6
Q

Contains epiphyseal growth plate/ epiphyseal line

A

Metaphyses

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7
Q

What is the Epiphyseal Growth Plate?

A

A cartilagenous area within the metaphysis of a growing bone.

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8
Q

When growth stops, the epiphyseal growth plate becomes the ______.

A

Epiphyseal line

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9
Q

Where is articulating cartilage found on the bone? What type is it?

A

Covers the epiphyses and is hyaline cartilage

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10
Q

What is the tough CT covering that surrounds the bone?

A

The periosteum

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11
Q

Functions of the periosteum

A
  1. Protects, nourishes, heals bone
  2. Attachment of ligaments and tendons
  3. Outer Layer: tough, supportive/protective
  4. Inner Layer: bone forming cells
  5. Well vascularized and innervated
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12
Q

Medullary Cavity A.k.a

A

Marrow Cavity

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13
Q

What is the Medullary Cavity?

A

Space within the diaphysis that contains marrow

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14
Q

What are the two types of marrow?

A
  1. Red Marrow: blood cell formation

2. Yellow Marrow: fat storage

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15
Q

What is bones matrix consist of?

A

25% water, 25% collagen, 50% mineral salts

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16
Q

What are the cells of bone?

A
  1. Osteoprogenitor
  2. Osteoblasts
  3. Osteocytes
  4. Osteoclasts
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17
Q

Osteogenic is an A.k.a for which cell?

A

Osteoprogenitor

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18
Q

Cell is active during normal growth, healing and cyclical bone replacement

A

Osteoprogenitor

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19
Q

Bone building cells

20
Q

Mature bone cells

21
Q

Bone “eating” cells

22
Q

What are the two types of bone?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Spongy

2. Compact

23
Q

A.k.a for Compact bone

Study These Flashcards
A

Cortical or Dense

24
Q

A.k.a for Spongy bone

25
External layer of all bones
Compact Bones (deep to periosteum)
26
What does compact bone provide?
Protection and Support
27
Structures of Compact Bone
1. Osteon 2. Central Canal 3. Concentric Lamellae 4. Lacunae 5. Canaliculi 6. Volkmann's Canals
28
Spongy Bone A.k.a
Cancellous Bone
29
Bone with trabeculae
spongy bone
30
Trabeculae contain _____ in _____
Osteocytes in Lacunae
31
Lacunae is connected by _____
Canaliculi
32
Which bone is heavier?
Compact Bone
33
Spaces in spongy bone contain ____.
Red bone marrow
34
Red blood cells and platelets are made in which bone type?
SPongy
35
What kind of stresses are spongy bones designed for?
Lower stresses or stresses from different directions
36
Bones are well vascularized. Which arteries do they get their blood from?
1. Periosteal arteries 2. Nutrient arteries 3. Metaphyseal Arteries 4. Epiphyseal Arteries
37
How does the outer compact bone and periosteum receive blood?
Periosteal arteries enter the diaphysis at multiple points through Volkmann's canals
38
How does the inner compact bone, spongy bone, and red bone marrow get its blood?
Nutrient arteries enter the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen
39
Which arteries supply the metaphysis?
metaphyseal arteries
40
Which arteries supply the epiphysis?
epiphyseal arteries
41
Bone is in a constant state of ___.
Remodelling
42
From birth to adolescence, what is the rate of growth to loss?
Bone growth is greater than bone loss
43
Where do bones lengthen?
Epiphyseal Growth Plate
44
How do bones get thicker?
Osteoblasts in the periosteum, laying new bone at the periphery
45
In young adults, what is the rate of growth to loss?
Bone growth and bone loss are equal
46
From middle age, what is the rate of growth to loss?
Bone loss exceeds bone growth.

Phys Test 2 (5 decks)

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