Integumentary System Flashcards
1
Q
2 components of the integumentary system
A
- skin
2. epidermal derivatives
2
Q
what are the epidermal derivatives that make up part of the integumentary system
A
hair hair follicles sweat/sudoriferous glands sebaceous (oil) glands nails
3
Q
2 layers of the skin
A
epidermis and dermis
4
Q
superficial layer of the skin
A
epidermis
5
Q
epidermis is derived from
A
ectoderm
6
Q
is epidermis vascular or avascular
A
avascular
7
Q
what kind of tissue makes up the epidermis layer
A
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
8
Q
deep layer of skin
A
dermis
9
Q
what kind of tissue is the dermis made out of
A
connective tissue
10
Q
dermis is derived from
A
mesoderm
11
Q
dermis is vascular or avascular
A
dermis is highly vascular
12
Q
what is deep to the 2 skin layers
A
hypodermis
13
Q
consists of adipose tissue, and is vascularized
A
hypodermis (subcutaneous layer/subcutaneous fascia)
14
Q
where is thick skin found
A
palms of hands and soles of feet
areas subject to the most abrasion
15
Q
skin is hairless
A
thick skin
16
Q
thick skin has a much thicker __ layer than skin in any other location
A
epidermal layer
17
Q
where is thin skin found
A
everywhere except the palms of the hand and soles of the feet
18
Q
thin skin has a much thinner __ layer than thick skin
A
epidermis layer
19
Q
hair follicles present in most locations
A
think skin
20
Q
layers of epidermis in thick and thin skin
*from deep to superficial
A
- Stratum Basale (Basal Layer)
- Stratum Spinosum (Spinous Layer)
- Stratum Granulosum (Granular Layer)
- Stratum Lucidum (*thick skin only)
- Stratum Corneum
21
Q
cells of the epidermis and their %’s
A
keratinocytes - 85%
melanocytes - 5%
langerhans - 2-5%
merkel’s cells - 6-10%
22
Q
cells of the epidermis; participate in formation of water barrier
A
keratinocytes
23
Q
keratinocytes produce
A
keratins
24
Q
cells of the epidermis; pigment-producing cells
A
melanocytes
25
cells of the epidermis; antigen-presenting cells of the immune system
langerhans' cells
26
cells of the epidermis; mechanoreceptor cells associated with sensory nerve endings
merkel's cells
27
what is the principe cell type of epidermis
keratinocyte
28
major structural proteins of epidermis
keratins
29
keratins form __, classified as intermediate filaments, more commonly referred to as tonofilaments
keratin filaments
30
keratinocytes participate in formation of epidermal water barrier via production of __
lamellar bodies
31
tubular/ovoid-shaped membrane-bound organelles, lipid-containing structures
lamellar bodies (produced by keratinocytes)
32
mitotically active layer, contains stem cells that give rise to keratinocytes
stratum basale
33
single later of basophillic cells, cells are small and cuboidal/low columnar
production of intermediate (keratin) fillaments begins
stratum basale
34
which cells exhibit numerous cytoplasmic processes (spines)
keratinocytes in stratum spinosum
35
keratinocyte's cell processes attach to those of adjacent cells via __
desmosomes
36
what contributes to the spiny/prickly appearance of stratum spinosum
histological prep - cells shrink leaving expanded intercellular space between spines
37
which layer has intermediate filaments (tonofilaments) grouped into bundles (tonofibrils)
stratum spinosum
38
which layer does the production of keratohyalin granules and lamellar bodies begin
stratum spinosum
39
what is it called? conversion of granular cells into cornified cells
keratinization
40
lamellar bodies released within which layer
stratum granulosum
41
intensely basophilic, bundle tonofilaments into tonofibrils, keratinization all take place in which layer
stratum granulosum
42
keratinocutes contain __ granules
keratohyalin granules
43
which layer is only found in think skin
stratum lucidum
44
thin, translucent layer of eosinophillic cells, nucleus and cytoplasmic organells become disrupted and disappear
stratum lucidum
45
layer filled almost entirely with keratin
stratum corneum
46
cells of this layer sloughed off at the surface
stratum corneum
47
cells lose nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles, cells are dead. in which layer
stratum corneum
48
produce and secrete the pigment melanin
melanocytes
49
melanin is synthesized and stored in
melanosomes
50
what kind of cells are melanocytes
dendritic cells
51
melanocytes are dendritic cells;
rounded cell bodies in stratum __
and long processes extend upward and between keratinocytes in stratum__
rounded in stratum basale
long in stratum spinosum
52
Melanin-containing melanosomesare transferred into adjacent
keratinocytes
53
Melanin accumulates over __ to protect _ from UV radiation
nuclei to protect DNA
54
___ possess elongated nuclei surrounded by clear cytoplasm
Melanocytes
55
Antigen-presenting cells typically found within stratum
stratum spinosum
56
cells that are bone marrow-derived
langerhans's cells
57
Encounter and process antigens entering through skin
langerhans's cells
58
Langerhans's cels Present processed antigen to __ within nearby lymph node
T lymphocytes
59
Mechanoreceptor cells associated with sensory nerve endings
merkel's cells
60
merkel's cells located within startum _
stratum basale
61
which cells contains neurosecretory granules
merkle's cells
62
Base of Merkel’s cells associate with expanded, plate-like terminal of afferent nerve fibers, creates a
merkel's corpuscle
63
3 major types of skin cancer
basal cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
malignant melanoma
64
slow growing tumor, resembles cells of stratum basale
basal cell carcinoma
| most common type of skin cancer
65
Characterized by highly atypical cells at all levels of epidermis
squamous cell carcinoma
second most common skin cancer
66
most serious type of skin cancer
malignant melanoma
67
Originates from melanocytes, Presents as irregularly pigmented, multicolor lesion
malignant melanoma
68
two layers of the dermis
papillary layer and reticular layer
69
Papillary Layer
Loose (areolar) connective tissue
__: finger-like connective tissue protrusions•Project into epidermis at
Dermal papillae
epidermal-dermal junction
70
layer of dermis that is dense irregular connective tissue, considerably thicker and has fewer cells than other layer
reticular layer
71
pacinian corpuscles are Large ovoid structures found in __ and __
dermis and hypodermis
72
Myelinated nerve ending surrounded by a capsule consisting of concentric lamellae
Pacinian Corpuscles
73
Pacinian Corpuscles detect __ and __
pressure and vibration
74
meissner's corpuscles are located within
dermal papillae of hairless skin
75
Flattened __ cells form lamellae
Schwann
76
meissner's corpuscles detect
light touch
77
Unmyelinated nerve endings follow spiral paths in
meissner's corpuscles
78
Derived from down-growths of epidermal epithelium during development
Epidermal Skin Appendages
```
include hair follicles
hair
eccrine sweat glands
apocrine sweat glands
sebaceous oil glands
```
79
elongated filamentous, keratinized structures that project from hair follicles
hair
80
responsible for the production and growth of a hair •Found along the surface of almost the entire body, but definitely NOT associated with thick skin
hair follicle
81
Arrector Pili Muscle, Smooth muscle extending from __ to __
onnective tissue sheath surrounding hair follicle to papillary layer of dermis
82
Contraction of __ causes hair to “stand on end”, resulting in “goosebumps”
arrector pili m.
83
•Widely distributed •Simple coiled tubular gland•Merocrine secretion •Thermoregulatory •Excretes wastes and excess salts
Eccrine Sweat(Sudoriferous) Glands
84
Eccrine sweat (sudoriferous) glands ;
Double layer of epithelial cells
_ cells are larger and appear lighter
Located deep in dermis or upper part of hypodermis
secretory portion of eccrine sweat (sudoriferous) glands
85
Eccrine sweat (sudoriferous) glands ;
Double layer of small cuboidal cells (i.e., stratified cuboidal epithelium)
_ cells are smaller and appear darker
Leads to epidermal surface
duct portion of eccrine sweat glands
86
* Axillary & perineal regions of body
* Viscous, protein-rich sweat
* Product secreted into hair follicles
* Merocrine secretion; misnomer
* Coiled tubular glands with very wide lumens
* Become functional at puberty
* Bacterial breakdown of sweat leads to body odor
apocrine sweat (sudoriferous) glands
87
Very wide lumen
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Eosinophilic cytoplasm
Found in upper part of hypodermis (most commonly) or deep in dermis
secretory portion of Apocrine Sweat(Sudoriferous) Glands
88
Stratified cuboidal epithelium (2-3 layers thick)
Narrow lumen;
Empties into follicle canal, not surface
duct portion of Apocrine Sweat(Sudoriferous) Glands
89
lipid-containing substance produced and secreted by gland
sebum
90
```
Branched acinar gland
Sebum–lipid-containing substance produced and secreted by gland
Secretes into hair follicle
Holocrine secretion
Involved in acne development
```
sebaceous (oil) gland
