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Anatomy and Physiology I > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Integumentary System

A

the skin and its accessory structures

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2
Q

Three layers of the skin

A

1) Epidermis 2) Dermis 3) Hypodermis

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3
Q

4 layers of epidermal “thin skin”

A

1) stratum basale 2) stratum spinosum 3) stratum granulosum 4) stratum corneum

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4
Q

Layer that qualifies epidermis as “thick skin”

A

stratum lucidum

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5
Q

Composed of keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium

A

Epidermis

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6
Q

Type of cell that manufactures and stores a specific protein; found in all layers except the SB

A

Keratinocyte

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7
Q

Intracellular fibrous protein that gives hair, nails, and skin their hardness and water-resistant properties

A

Keratin

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8
Q

Bottom layer of the epidermis. Cells in this layer bond to the dermis via intertwining collagen fibers, referred to as the basement membrane

A

Stratum Basale

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9
Q

Folds on the top of the dermis that increase the strength of the connection between the dermis and epidermis

A

Dermal Papilla

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10
Q

Cuboidal-shaped stem cell that all keratinocytes derive from

A

Basal Cell

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11
Q

SB cell that functions as a receptor and is responsible for stimulating sensory nerves that the brain perceives as touch. Common in hands and feet

A

Merkel Cell

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12
Q

SB cell that produces the pigment melanin

A

Melanocyte

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13
Q

Layer of the epidermis found between the stratum granulosum and stratum basale. Joined by demosomes and made of 8-10 layers of keratinocytes formed in ther SB

A

Stratum Spinosum

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14
Q

Epidermal layer between the SS and SL. Generates keratin and keratohyalin, which gives the layer its grainy appearance

A

Stratum Granulosum

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15
Q

Epidermal layer between the SG and SC that is only found on the palms, fingers, and soles. It is packed with a lipid-rich protein called eleiden

A

Stratum Lucidum

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16
Q

Epidermal layer exposed to the outside environment. This dry, dead layer helps prevent the penetration of microbes and the dehydration of underlying tissues, and provides a mechanical protection against abrasion for the more delicate, underlying layers.

A

Stratum Corneum

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17
Q

Middle skin layer that contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. It is made of two layers of connective tissue that compose an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers

A

Dermis

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18
Q

Two layers of connective tissue of the Dermis

A

Papillary Layer, Reticular Layer

19
Q

Dermis layer made of loose, areolar connective tissue. Projects into the SB to form Dermal Papilla. Also has fibroblasts, adipocytes, small blood vessels, and phagocytes

A

Papillary Layer

20
Q

Dermis layer made of dense, irregular connective tissue. Well vascularized and has a rich sensory and sympathetic nerve supply

A

Reticular Layer

21
Q

Skin layer directly below the dermis and servesto connect the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and mus

A

Hypodermis

22
Q

Fiber that provides structure

A

Collagen Fiber

23
Q

Fiber that provides flexibility

A

Elastin Fiber

24
Q

Accessory Structures of the Skin

A

Hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands

25
Q

Keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis

A

Hair

26
Q

Smooth muscle that contracts in response to nerve signals from the sympathetic nervous system

A

Arrector Pili

27
Q

3 phases of hair growth

A

1) Anagen Phase 2) Catagen Phase 3) Telogen Phase

28
Q

Lasts 2-7 years. Cells divide rapidly at the root of the hair, pushing the hair shaft up and out

A

Anagen Phase

29
Q

Lasts only 2 to 3 weeks, and marks a transition from the hair follicle’s active growth

A

Catagen Phase

30
Q

The hair follicle is at rest and no new growth occurs. At the end of this phase, which lasts about 2 to 4 months, another anagen phase b

A

Telogen Phase

31
Q

Produce sweat to cool the body. 2 types

A

Sudoriferous glands

32
Q

Produces a hypotonic sweat for thermoregulation. Common in palms, soles, and forehead

A

Eccrine sweat gland

33
Q

Produce water, salts, and organic compounds (hence smell). Deepest in dermis and common in hairy areas.

A

Apocrine sweat gland

34
Q

Oil gland that is found all over the body and helps to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum

A

Sebaceous gland

35
Q

mixture of lipids secreted onto the skin surface to lubricate dry SC layer

A

Sebum

36
Q

4 Purposes of the Integumentary System

A

1) protection 2) thermoregulation 3) sensory function 4) vitamin D absorption

37
Q

form of cancer that affects the stem cells undergoing mitosis in the SB of the epidermis. Usually caused by UV radiation.

A

Basal cell carcinoma

38
Q

form of cancer that affects the keratinocytes of the SS and presents as lesions commonly found on the scalp, ears, and hands

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

39
Q

form of cancer characterized by the uncontrolled growth of melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells in the epidermis

A

Melanoma

40
Q

An allergic reaction that manifests as dry, itchy patches of skin that resemble rashes

A

Eczema

41
Q

a skin disturbance that typically occurs on areas of the skin that are rich in sebaceous glands

A

Acne

42
Q

collagen-rich skin formed after the process of wound healing

A

Scar

43
Q

an overproduction of scar tissue because the process of collagen formation does not stop when the wound is healed

A

keloid

44
Q

(also called decubitis ulcers) skin injury caused by constant, long-term, unrelieved pressure on certain body parts that are bony, reducing blood flow to the area and leading to necrosis

A

bed sores

Anatomy and Physiology I (4 decks)

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