Integumentary System

Question 1

Integumentary System

Answer 1

the skin and its accessory structures

Question 2

Three layers of the skin

Answer 2

1) Epidermis 2) Dermis 3) Hypodermis

Question 3

4 layers of epidermal “thin skin”

Answer 3

1) stratum basale 2) stratum spinosum 3) stratum granulosum 4) stratum corneum

Question 4

Layer that qualifies epidermis as “thick skin”

Answer 4

stratum lucidum

Question 5

Composed of keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 5

Epidermis

Question 6

Type of cell that manufactures and stores a specific protein; found in all layers except the SB

Answer 6

Keratinocyte

Question 7

Intracellular fibrous protein that gives hair, nails, and skin their hardness and water-resistant properties

Answer 7

Keratin

Question 8

Bottom layer of the epidermis. Cells in this layer bond to the dermis via intertwining collagen fibers, referred to as the basement membrane

Answer 8

Stratum Basale

Question 9

Folds on the top of the dermis that increase the strength of the connection between the dermis and epidermis

Answer 9

Dermal Papilla

Question 10

Cuboidal-shaped stem cell that all keratinocytes derive from

Answer 10

Basal Cell

Question 11

SB cell that functions as a receptor and is responsible for stimulating sensory nerves that the brain perceives as touch. Common in hands and feet

Answer 11

Merkel Cell

Question 12

SB cell that produces the pigment melanin

Answer 12

Melanocyte

Question 13

Layer of the epidermis found between the stratum granulosum and stratum basale. Joined by demosomes and made of 8-10 layers of keratinocytes formed in ther SB

Answer 13

Stratum Spinosum

Question 14

Epidermal layer between the SS and SL. Generates keratin and keratohyalin, which gives the layer its grainy appearance

Answer 14

Stratum Granulosum

Question 15

Epidermal layer between the SG and SC that is only found on the palms, fingers, and soles. It is packed with a lipid-rich protein called eleiden

Answer 15

Stratum Lucidum

Question 16

Epidermal layer exposed to the outside environment. This dry, dead layer helps prevent the penetration of microbes and the dehydration of underlying tissues, and provides a mechanical protection against abrasion for the more delicate, underlying layers.

Answer 16

Stratum Corneum

Question 17

Middle skin layer that contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. It is made of two layers of connective tissue that compose an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers

Answer 17

Dermis

Question 18

Two layers of connective tissue of the Dermis

Answer 18

Papillary Layer, Reticular Layer

Question 19

Dermis layer made of loose, areolar connective tissue. Projects into the SB to form Dermal Papilla. Also has fibroblasts, adipocytes, small blood vessels, and phagocytes

Answer 19

Papillary Layer

Question 20

Dermis layer made of dense, irregular connective tissue. Well vascularized and has a rich sensory and sympathetic nerve supply

Answer 20

Reticular Layer

Question 21

Skin layer directly below the dermis and servesto connect the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and mus

Answer 21

Hypodermis

Question 22

Fiber that provides structure

Answer 22

Collagen Fiber

Question 23

Fiber that provides flexibility

Answer 23

Elastin Fiber

Question 24

Accessory Structures of the Skin

Answer 24

Hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands

Question 25

Keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis

Answer 25

Hair

Question 26

Smooth muscle that contracts in response to nerve signals from the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 26

Arrector Pili

Question 27

3 phases of hair growth

Answer 27

1) Anagen Phase 2) Catagen Phase 3) Telogen Phase

Question 28

Lasts 2-7 years. Cells divide rapidly at the root of the hair, pushing the hair shaft up and out

Answer 28

Anagen Phase

Question 29

Lasts only 2 to 3 weeks, and marks a transition from the hair follicle’s active growth

Answer 29

Catagen Phase

Question 30

The hair follicle is at rest and no new growth occurs. At the end of this phase, which lasts about 2 to 4 months, another anagen phase b

Answer 30

Telogen Phase

Question 31

Produce sweat to cool the body. 2 types

Answer 31

Sudoriferous glands

Question 32

Produces a hypotonic sweat for thermoregulation. Common in palms, soles, and forehead

Answer 32

Eccrine sweat gland

Question 33

Produce water, salts, and organic compounds (hence smell). Deepest in dermis and common in hairy areas.

Answer 33

Apocrine sweat gland

Question 34

Oil gland that is found all over the body and helps to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum

Answer 34

Sebaceous gland

Question 35

mixture of lipids secreted onto the skin surface to lubricate dry SC layer

Answer 35

Sebum

Question 36

4 Purposes of the Integumentary System

Answer 36

1) protection 2) thermoregulation 3) sensory function 4) vitamin D absorption

Question 37

form of cancer that affects the stem cells undergoing mitosis in the SB of the epidermis. Usually caused by UV radiation.

Answer 37

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 38

form of cancer that affects the keratinocytes of the SS and presents as lesions commonly found on the scalp, ears, and hands

Answer 38

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 39

form of cancer characterized by the uncontrolled growth of melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells in the epidermis

Answer 39

Melanoma

Question 40

An allergic reaction that manifests as dry, itchy patches of skin that resemble rashes

Answer 40

Eczema

Question 41

a skin disturbance that typically occurs on areas of the skin that are rich in sebaceous glands

Answer 41

Acne

Question 42

collagen-rich skin formed after the process of wound healing

Answer 42

Scar

Question 43

an overproduction of scar tissue because the process of collagen formation does not stop when the wound is healed

Answer 43

keloid

Question 44

(also called decubitis ulcers) skin injury caused by constant, long-term, unrelieved pressure on certain body parts that are bony, reducing blood flow to the area and leading to necrosis

Answer 44

bed sores