Integumentary System

Question 1

also known as the cutaneous membrane and covers the external surface of the body

Answer 1

skin

Question 2

the skin consists of two main part

Answer 2

epidermis and dermis

Question 3

the superficial thinner portion which is composed of epithelial tissue (avascular = does not bleed)

Answer 3

epidermis

Question 4

the deeper thicker connective tissue portion of the skin (vascular = bleeds)

Answer 4

dermis

Question 5

deep to the dermis, but not part of the skin consists of areolar and adipose tissue which serves as a storage depot for fat and large blood vessels

Answer 5

subcutaneous layer/ hypodermis

Question 6

the nerve endings that are present in the skin are called

Answer 6

lamellated corpuscles

Question 7

the four principal types of cells in the epidermis

Answer 7

keratinocytes, melanocytes, intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhan cells), tactile epithelial cells (Merkel cells)

Question 8

tough fibrous protein that helps protect the skin from abrasions, heat microbes and chemicals

Answer 8

keratinocytes

Question 9

produces melanin that contributes to skin color and absorbs damaging UV light

Answer 9

melanocytes

Question 10

they participate in immune responses mounted against microbes that invade the skin and help other cells recognize an invading microbe

Answer 10

Langerhan cells/ intraepidermal macrophages

Question 11

located in the deepest layer of the epidermis detect touch sensation

Answer 11

Merkel cells/ Tactile epithelial cells

Question 12

five layers of the epidermis

Answer 12

stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum

Question 13

“germinating layer” the deepest layer of the epidermis, composed of stem cells that continuously undergo cell division, simple columnal/ cuboidal cells

Answer 13

stratum basale

Question 14

“prickly layer” 8 to 10 layers of keratinocytes, provides strength and flexibility to the skin

Answer 14

stratum spinosum

Question 15

“granular layer” stratified squamous cells undergoing apoptosis, marks the transition between metabolically active strata and dead cells of the more superficial strata

Answer 15

stratum granulosum

Question 16

“clear layer” present only in thick skin and composed of dead keratinocytes

Answer 16

stratum lucidum

Question 17

“horny layer” 20-30 layers of continuously replaced anucleated keratinocytes

Answer 17

stratum corneum

Question 18

two layers of the dermis

Answer 18

papillary and reticular

Question 19

the thin superficial layer made up of areolar connective tissue where dermal paillar that contain free nerve endings and touch receptors are licated

Answer 19

papillary layer

Question 20

deeper layer of the dermis made up of coarse, dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 20

reticular tissue

Question 21

two main regions of the hair

Answer 21

shaft and root

Question 22

three concentric layers of the keratinized cells in the hair

Answer 22

medulla, cortex and cuticle

Question 23

plates of tightly packed, hard, dead, keratinized cells

Answer 23

nails

Question 24

two types of sweat glands

Answer 24

eccrine and apocrine

Question 25

simple coiled tubular sweat glands that are abundant on the palms, soles of the feet, and forehead and help control body temperature

Answer 25

eccrine

Question 26

sweat glands confined chiefly in the axilliary and genital regions and usually open into hair follicles

Answer 26

apocrine

Question 27

modified apocrine glands that form cerumen or earwax

Answer 27

ceruminous glands

Question 28

other name for sweat glands

Answer 28

sudoriferous glands

Question 29

simple branched alveolar glands present on all skin surfaces except in the thick skin of the palms and soles that secrete oil/fatty substance called sebum with bactericidal properties

Answer 29

oil glands/ sebacious glands

Question 30

bluish discoloration of the skin due to decreased levels of hemoglobin

Answer 30

cyanosis

Question 31

refers to a change in skin color during episodes of fear, anger or emotional stress or may signify anemia or low BP

Answer 31

pallor or blanching

Question 32

abnormal yellow skin tone which usually signifies a liver disorder where normally secreted bile pigments accumulate in the blood

Answer 32

jaundice

Question 33

flat and small (<1cm) skin lesion | seen in maliganant melanomas and fungal infection

Answer 33

macule

Question 34

flat and large (>1cm) skin lesion | seen in seborrhaic dermatitis and vitiligo

Answer 34

patch

Question 35

small (<1cm) raised spot | seen in skin tags and basal cell carcinoma

Answer 35

papule

Question 36

large (>1cm) raised spot | commonly seen in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis

Answer 36

plaque

Question 37

raised, fluid filled and small (<1cm) | seen in herpes simplex virus and contact dermatitis from poison ivy

Answer 37

vesicle

Question 38

raised, fluid filled and large (>1cm) | seen in insect bites

Answer 38

bulla

Question 39

three major forms of skin cancer

Answer 39

basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma

Question 40

ABCDE of melanoma

Answer 40

``` asymmetry border color diameter evolution ```

Question 41

classification of burns according to severity

Answer 41

first degree burns epidermis only damaged second degree burns dermis damaged third degree burns subcutaneous layer

Question 42

burns are considered critical when:

Answer 42

25 % of the body has second degree burns 10 % of the body has third degree burns third degree burns on the face, hand, and feet