Integumentary system- Chapter 5

Question 1

What is the most accessible organ system

Answer 1

Integumentary system

Question 2

What is the bodys first line of defense

Answer 2

Skin

Question 3

What is the epidermis

Answer 3

Composed of stratified squamous epithelium

Question 4

What is the dermis

Answer 4

Composed of a papillary and reticular layer

Question 5

Name 3 examples of accessory structures in the integumentary system

Answer 5

1. Nails
2. Hair
3. Exocrine Glands

Question 6

What is the cutaneous plexus

Answer 6

network of blood vessels

Question 7

What is the hypodermis

Answer 7

Not part of intergument; separates integument from deep fascia

Question 8

Name 5 functions of the integumentary systems

Answer 8

1. Protection
2. Excretion
3. Temperature
4. Produce melanin
5. Lipid storage

Question 9

What are strata

Answer 9

multiple layers of cells in the epidermis

Question 10

What is the primary cell type in the epidermis

Answer 10

keratinocytes

Question 11

What happens to keratinocytes at exposed surfaces

Answer 11

they shed

Question 12

What are the epidermal ridges and dermal papilla

Answer 12

Mounds on the epidermis and dermis that increase surface area for better attachment

Question 13

How do fingerprints work

Answer 13

Patterns of epidermal ridges.

Unique pattern that never changes

Question 14

How many strata is thick skin and where is it found

Answer 14

5 strata and soles of feet and palms of hands

Question 15

How long do cells remain in the surface layer (stratum corneum) before being washed away

Answer 15

2 weeks

Question 16

Name the 5 layers of the epidermis from deepest to superficial

Answer 16

1. Stratum basale
2. Stratum spinosum
3. Stratum granulosum
4. Stratum lucidum
5. Stratum corneum

Question 17

What are merkel cells

Answer 17

Cells that respond to touch

Question 18

What are langerhans cells

Answer 18

Defend against superficial cancers

Question 19

What is the difference between insensible and sensible perspiration

Answer 19

Insensible lose water but unable to see or feel

Sensible sweat

Question 20

What factors influence skin colour

Answer 20

1. Pigments in the skin
2. Dermal circulation
3. UV radiation

Question 21

What is carotene

Answer 21

Orange-yellow pigment

Found in orange vegetables

Question 22

What is melanin

Answer 22

Brown or black pigment
Produced by melanocytes
Protects against UV radiation

Question 23

What is albinism

Answer 23

Absence of melanin production

Not lacking melanocytes

Question 24

What is the red pigment found in red blood cells

Answer 24

Hemoglobin

Question 25

Where does blood flow through the dermis

Answer 25

Subpapillary plexus

Question 26

What is cyanosis

Answer 26

Lower oxygen levels causes skin to appear blue in colour

Question 27

Explain basal cell carcinoma

Answer 27

Most common form of skin cancer | Overexposure to UV radiation

Question 28

Malignant melanoma is

Answer 28

The most serious form of skin cancer | Metastasize through lymphatic system

Question 29

Where is the dermis located

Answer 29

Between the epidermis and hypodermis

Question 30

What two fibers is the dermis composed of

Answer 30

1. Elastic | 2. Collagen

Question 31

What is the papillary layer of the dermis

Answer 31

Contains capillaries and sensory neurons

Question 32

What is the reticular layer

Answer 32

Dense irregular connective tissue that contains accessory organs

Question 33

What is the hypodermis

Answer 33

Separates skin from deeper structures. | Adipose tissue

Question 34

What 2 receptors are in the epidermis and what do they do

Answer 34

Free nerve endings- touch and pressure | Tactile discs- Texture and pressure

Question 35

How are lines of clevage (tension lines)formed?

Answer 35

Arrangement of collagen/elastic fibers.

Question 36

Which surgical method helps promote healing and prevents scaring

Answer 36

Cutting parallel to cleavage

Question 37

Explain a first degree burn

Answer 37

Only the surface of the epidermis is effected | -Most sunburns

Question 38

What is erythema

Answer 38

redness from inflammation

Question 39

Explain a second degree burn

Answer 39

Entire epidermis and some dermis

Question 40

Explain a third degree burn

Answer 40

Destroys epidermis,dermis, and some hypodermis | -Skin grafting

Question 41

What 3 skin functions are affected by burns

Answer 41

1. Fluid balance 2. Thermoregulation 3. Protection from infection

Question 42

What is sepsis

Answer 42

Rotting, widespread infection. Leading cause of death in burn victims

Question 43

What is the RULE OF NINES

Answer 43

Method of estimating percentage of surface area affected by burns

Question 44

What is a skin draft?

Answer 44

Intact skin is transplanted to cover the burn site.

Question 45

What is a split-thickness graft

Answer 45

transfer of epidermis

Question 46

What is full thickness graft

Answer 46

Transfer of epidermis and layers of dermis

Question 47

Describe an autograft

Answer 47

Patients own undamaged skin

Question 48

Whats an Allograft

Answer 48

frozen skin from a cadaver

Question 49

What is an Exenograft

Answer 49

animal skin

Question 50

What are epidermal derivatives

Answer 50

Accessory structures

Question 51

Hair follicles and exocrine glands develop from?

Answer 51

Epithelial columns

Question 52

What are the three accessory structures

Answer 52

1. Hair follicles 2. Exocrine glands 3. Nails

Question 53

What are sweat glands

Answer 53

Excrete waste and assist in thermoregulation

Question 54

What are sebaceous glands

Answer 54

lubricate epidermis

Question 55

How much hair does the body have

Answer 55

2.5 million

Question 56

What produces a hair

Answer 56

hair follicle

Question 57

What are terminal hairs and where are they found

Answer 57

Large coarse hairs | --Arm pit/scalp

Question 58

What is a vellus hair

Answer 58

delicate smaller hair

Question 59

Define hair shaft

Answer 59

begins deep within hair follicle

Question 60

Hair root does what

Answer 60

anchors the hair into the skin

Question 61

What is the root hair plexus

Answer 61

sensory nerves surround base of follicle

Question 62

What is a cuticle

Answer 62

Daughter cells produced at edges of matrix

Question 63

What is the difference between the internal root sheath and the external root sheath

Answer 63

Internal surrounds hair root | External extends from skin surface

Question 64

How long is the active phase of hair growth

Answer 64

2-5 years

Question 65

What is club hair

Answer 65

Hair that is shed during the resting phase

Question 66

What is sebum

Answer 66

mixture that is secreted from sebaceous glands that lubricates shaft

Question 67

What are myoepithelial cells function

Answer 67

Wash epidermal surface

Question 68

What do apocrine sweat glands release

Answer 68

sticky odorous secretion strongly influenced by hormones

Question 69

What are the purpose of merocrine sweat glands

Answer 69

Found in most areas of body. | Thermoregulation and excretion

Question 70

What are nails composed of

Answer 70

Thick sheets of kertainized epidermal cells

Question 71

What is the nail body composed of

Answer 71

dead cells packed with keratin

Question 72

What is the lunula

Answer 72

pale crescent on nail body

Question 73

What is psoriasis

Answer 73

nails pitted

Question 74

What causes wrinkling

Answer 74

fewer elastic fibers

Question 75

What are the benefits of circulating sex hormones

Answer 75

Accelerate wound healing Protect against cancer Increase epidermal thickness

Question 76

What hormone stimulates fibroblast activity

Answer 76

Growth hormone

Question 77

What is rickets

Answer 77

Condition in children resulting in flexible bones from not enough sunlight

Question 78

What are the 4 phases in skin regeneration after an injury

Answer 78

1.Inflammatory phase 2,Migratory phase 3.Proliferation phase 4.Scarring phase

Question 79

What occurs during the migratory phase

Answer 79

Blood clot (scab) forms