integumentary system: dermis and hypodermis

Question 1

what is the dermis mostly made up of?

Answer 1

connective tissue fibers

Question 2

where are all blood vessels, nerves, sweat glands, and hair follicles found?

Answer 2

the dermis

Question 3

what do collagen proteins do?

Answer 3

provides structural support

Question 4

what do elastic fibers do?

Answer 4

provides extra elasticity to this layer

Question 5

what do reticular fibers do?

Answer 5

forms a woven mesh to provide additional support

Question 6

what does the more superficial half of the dermis contain?

Answer 6

blood vessels and nerves that help feed and bring in sensations from the epidermis

Question 7

what is the deeper half of the dermis called?

Answer 7

reticular layer

Question 8

does the reticular layer have a higher or lower concentration of fibrous materials?

Answer 8

higher concentration

Question 9

in what way do collagen fibers in the reticular layer run? what do these lines create?

Answer 9

they run parallel to one another; lines of cleavage

Question 10

what happens if a surgeon makes cuts along the lines of cleavage?

Answer 10

there is less scar tissue

Question 11

what happens if a surgeon makes cuts perpendicular to the lines of cleavage?

Answer 11

they break the collagen fibers, pulling apart the wound, and making it more difficult for healing to occur

Question 12

what do hair follicles do?

Answer 12

make hair

Question 13

what do arrector pili do?

Answer 13

smooth muscles that can cause hairs to stand up when cold/scared (goosebumps)

Question 14

what do sweat glands do?

Answer 14

produces sweat to help with thermoregulation

Question 15

what do merocrine glands do and where are they located?

Answer 15

produces sweat that is watery, salty, and non-smelly; located everywhere

Question 16

what do apocrine glands do and where are they located?

Answer 16

produces sweat that is milky, sticky, and smelly; located in the armpits, groin, and nipples

Question 17

when do apocrine glands activate?

Answer 17

at puberty

Question 18

where are sebaceous glands located?

Answer 18

found in the dermis near hair follicles

Question 19

what do sebaceous glands produce? what does the thing they produce do?

Answer 19

produces an oil called sebum that is secreted onto the surface of the skin and helps keep the stratum corneum moisturized

Question 20

what has anti-microbial properties?

Answer 20

sebum

Question 21

what happens if sebaceous glands get clogged? (due to dirt, etc)

Answer 21

pimples/sebaceous cysts occur

Question 22

what are the four functions of the hypodermis?

Answer 22

storing energy, connecting the dermis layer to your muscles and bones, insulating your body, and protecting your body from harm (cushioning)

Question 23

what happens when the hypodermis thins?

Answer 23

skin aging

Question 24

what is the hypodermis mainly made up of?

Answer 24

mostly connective tissues and adipocytes (fat cells)

Question 25

what’s another name for fat cells?

Answer 25

adipocytes