Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy > skeletal system (test) > Flashcards

skeletal system (test) Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of the skeletal system?

A
  1. works with muscles for movement
  2. makes blood cells
  3. protects internal organs
  4. stores calcium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how many types of bones are there? name them and give a brief description of each.

A
  1. long bones - long
  2. short bones - short
  3. sesamoid bones - sesame shaped
  4. flat bones - flat
  5. irregular bones - oddly shaped
  6. sutural bones - found between fused bones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what bones are found in the axial skeleton?

A

the skull, vertebral column, and ribcage (sternum + ribs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the function of the skull?

A

protects the brain and guards the openings to the digestive/respiratory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the function of the vertebral column?

A

protects the spinal cord and distributes weight to the lower extremities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the function of the ribcage?

A

protects organs and takes part in breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what bones are found in the appendicular skeleton?

A

upper extremities: clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

lower extremities: pelvis, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which two places connect the axial and appendicular skeleton? which bones are involved?

A
  1. clavicle to the manubrium of sternum
  2. sacrum to pelvic bones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

why do cranial sutures exist?

A

cranial bones don’t fuse until after birth to allow the head to fit through the birth canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the foramen magnum? where is it located?

A

an opening that allows the spinal cord to pass through to the vertebral column; located on the inferior part of the skull (base of cranium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

as we move inferiorly from the cervical region to the lumbar region, why does the body of the vertebrae get bigger?

A

it gets bigger to support more body weight lower in the vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

as we move inferiorly from the cervical region to the lumbar region, why do the vertebrae foramen get smaller?

A

it gets smaller because the spinal cord gets smaller due to nerves exiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which facial bone gives us the upper jaw?

A

maxilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which facial bone gives us the lower jaw?

A

mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which facial bone gives us the cheekbones?

A

zygomatic bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the purpose of the natural curvature of the spine?

A

weight distribution (to the lower extremities)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the over-curvature of the thoracic spine?

A

kyphosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the over-curvature of the lumbar spine?

A

lordosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the lateral curvature of the spine?

A

scoliosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the function of the spinous and transverse processes on vertebrae?

A

spinous: muscle attachment
transverse: muscle attachment (except in thoracic where it articulates with ribs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the importance of the intervertebral discs?

A

shock absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the differences between true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs?

A

true ribs: attach directly to the sternum
false ribs: do not attach directly to the sternum
floating ribs: only attach to the vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what ribs are true ribs? false ribs? floating ribs?

A

true ribs: pairs 1-7
false ribs: pairs 8-12
floating ribs: pairs 11-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what part of the sternum do ribs attach to?

A

the body

25
Q

what part of the vertebral column do ribs attach to?

A

the thoracic vertebrae

26
Q

which bones are in the pectoral girdle?

A

calvicle and scapula

27
Q

what bone makes up the arm bone?

A

humerus

28
Q

which bones are in the forearm? which is more medial and which is more lateral?

A

ulna (medial) and radius (lateral)

29
Q

what do we call wrist bones? hand bones? finger bones?

A

wrist: carpals
hand: metacarpals
finger: phalanges

30
Q

what do we call the thigh bone?

A

the femur

31
Q

what bones are in the leg? which is more medial and which is more lateral?

A

tibia (medial) and fibula (lateral)

32
Q

what do we call the knee bone?

A

patella

33
Q

what do we call the ankle bones? foot bones? toe bones?

A

ankle: tarsals
foot: metatarsals
toe: phalanges

34
Q

what is similar between the number of phalanges in your foot and hand?

A

hallux/pollex: two phalanges
other fingers/toes: three phalanges

35
Q

how is the pelvis different from the pelvic girdle?

A

pelvis: 2 pelvic bones
pelvic girdle: 2 pelvic bones, sacrum, coccyx

36
Q

what are the differences between the female and male pelvis?

A

F: larger angle between pelvic bones, sacrum/coccyx is more posterior, wider distance between the ilium and iliac spines
M: smaller angle between pelvic bones, sacrum/coccyx is more anterior, narrower distance between the ilium and iliac spines

37
Q

what are the functions of osteoblasts?

A

makes the bone matrix

38
Q

what are the functions of osteoclasts?

A

large cells that break down the bone matrix

39
Q

what are the functions of osteocytes?

A

the main bone cells that regulate bone function

40
Q

what are the functions of osteoprogenitors?

A

bone stem cells that make/differentiate into other bone cells

41
Q

what are the three stages of bone healing?

A
  1. hematoma development
  2. fibrocartilage development/callus development
  3. callus replacement and remodeling
42
Q

describe hematoma development

A

when a blood clot forms at the site of the fracture

43
Q

describe fibrocartilage development/callus development

A

fibrocartilage replaces the blood clot formed in stage one

44
Q

describe callus replacement and remodeling

A

callus is replaced by spongy bone, then compact bone

45
Q

what does it mean for a fracture to be displaced?

A

bone fractures are no longer aligned

46
Q

what does it mean for a fracture to be nondisplaced?

A

bone fractures are still aligned

47
Q

what does it mean for a fracture to be complete?

A

the bone is broken all the way through

48
Q

what does it mean for a fracture to be incomplete?

A

the bone is broken partially

49
Q

what does it mean for a fracture to be linear?

A

along the long axis (superior –> inferior)

50
Q

what does it mean for a fracture to be transverse?

A

along the short axis (medial –> lateral)

51
Q

what does it mean for a fracture to be compound?

A

when it breaks/pokes through the skin

52
Q

what does it mean for a fracture to be simple?

A

when the bone remains inside the body (doesn’t break skin)

53
Q

what is a greenstick fracture?

A

occurs when the bone breaks incompletely (broken on one side, bent on the other)

54
Q

what is a transverse fracture?

A

occurs when the bone is broken across the bone perpendicular to the long axis (right angles)

55
Q

what is an oblique fracture?

A

occurs when the bone is broken diagonally

56
Q

what is a spiral fracture?

A

occurs due to torsion/twisting

57
Q

what is a comminuted fracture?

A

occurs when the bone is broken into three or more fragments

58
Q

what is a stress/compression/hairline fracture?

A

tiny fractures caused by slow pressure over time; doesn’t break the bone clean

anatomy (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions