Integumentary System Qs Flashcards
(135 cards)
1
Q
What structures does the integumentary system include?
A
Skin & appendages
2
Q
State the appendages of the skin
A
Hair, nails sebaceous glands, sweat glands, skin color and mammary glands
3
Q
What does the word integument mean?
A
Covering
4
Q
What is the principle organ of the integumentary system?
A
Skin
5
Q
What are the sheet-like structures of the IS called?
A
Membranes
6
Q
What cover & protect the body surface, line body cavities & cover the inner surfaces of hollow organs?
A
Membranes
7
Q
What anchor organs to each other?
A
Membranes
8
Q
What anchors organ to bone?
A
Membranes
9
Q
What covers internal organs?
A
Membranes
10
Q
What secrete lubricating fluids that reduce friction during organ movements?
A
Membranes
11
Q
What secrete lubricating fluids that decrease friction between bones & joints?
A
Membranes
12
Q
State the two major types of membranes
A
Epithelial & connective
13
Q
State the three types of epithelial membranes
A
Mucous, serous, and cutaneous
14
Q
What is the primary organ of the integumentary system?
A
Cutaneous membrane
15
Q
What type of membrane is also known as the skin?
A
Cutaneous membrane
16
Q
State the largest organ of the body
A
Cutaneous membrane
17
Q
Which membrane has a superficial layer of epithelial cells & underlying area of supportive connective tissue?
A
Cutaneous membrane
18
Q
Which epithelial membrane is composed of two layers of tissue known as parental & visceral?
A
Serous membrane
19
Q
The ____ sheet of serous membrane is a thin layer of simple squamous epithelium
A
Epithelial
20
Q
The ____ sheet of serous membrane is a thin layer of simple squamous epithelium
A
Epithelial
21
Q
The ___ tissue layer of serous membrane forms a very thin, glue-like basement membrane that holds & supports the epithelial cells
A
Connective
22
Q
The serous membrane that lines the walls of body cavities
A
Parental
23
Q
The serous membrane that covers the surface organs found in the body cavities
A
Visceral
24
Q
The thoracic cavity serous membranes
A
Pleura
25
The abdominal cavity serous membranes
Peritoneum
26
___ membranes secrete a thin, watery fluid that helps reduce friction & serves as a lubricant when organs rub together & against cavity walls
Serous
27
Epithelial membranes that line body surfaces opening directly to the exterior of the body
Mucous membranes
28
These membranes line the respiratory, digestive, urinary & reproductive tracts
Mucous membranes
29
The thick, slimy material secreted by epithelial cells of most mucous membranes
Mucus
30
This keeps mucous membranes moist & soft
Mucus
31
A point of fusion where the skin & mucous membranes meet
Mucocutaneous junction
32
___ membranes do not contain epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
33
Connective tissue membranes that line the spaces between bones & joints
Synovial membranes
34
These membranes are smooth & slick. They secrete a thick, colorless lubricating fluid called synovial fluid
Synovial membranes
35
These membranes line the small, cushion-like sacs (a.k.a. Bursae) found between moving body parts
Synovial membranes
36
A.k.a. Oil glands
Sebaceous glands
37
The outermost layer of the skin
Epidermis
38
The layer of skin with stratified squamous epithelium
Epidermis
39
The deeper layer of skin
Dermis
40
The layer of skin made up of mostly connective tissue
Dermis
41
The supports the layers of skin & is a thick layer of loose connective tissue & fat
Subcutaneous
42
A.k.a. Hypodermis
Subcutaneous
43
This insulates the body from extremes of heat & cold
Fat inside subcutaneous
44
This structure of skin serves as a stored source of energy & can be used as a food source
Adipose tissue
45
This structure of skin acts as a shock-absorbing pad & helps protect underlying tissues from injury
Adipose tissue in subcutaneous
46
The structure of skin that contains tightly packed epithelial cells arranged in many different layers
Epidermis
47
The innermost layer of the epidermis
Stratum basale
48
The cells of the innermost layer of the epidermis reproduce themselves via _ .
Mitosis
49
As cells from the stratum germinativum move towards the surface of the skin, the cells’ cytoplasm is replaced with __.
Keratin
50
A protein substance that is tough & waterproof
Keratin
51
This substance provides cells on the outer layer of the skin with a horny, abrasion-resistant, protective quality
Keratin
52
The tough outer layer of the epidermis
Stratum corneum
53
Gives skin its color
Melanin
54
Which layer of skin is pigment found?
Epidermal basal
55
A type of pigment that gives skin its brown color
Melanin
56
Cells that produce brown pigment
Melanocytes
57
The primary function of __ is protection from UV radiation from sunlight
Melanin
58
The condition when the skin turns bluish gray due to lack of oxygen from low blood flow
Cyanosis
59
What do we call the area where the epidermal & the dermal layers meet?
Dermal-epidermal junction
60
The thicker layer of skin
Dermis
61
The layer of skin composed mostly of connective tissue
Dermis
62
The layer of skin that has its cells scattered apart
Dermis
63
The tough & strong fibers found between cells of the dermis
Collagen
64
The stretchable fibers found between cells of the dermis
Elastin
65
The parallel rows of tiny bumps found in the upper region of the dermis
Dermal papilllae
66
These structures bind the skin layers together
Dermal papillae
67
These form ridges & grooves that make up your fingerprints & footprints
Dermal papillae
68
What happens to collagen and elastin fibers with age?
Decrease
69
What happens to skin with age?
Sagging
Less pliant
Less soft
70
The specialized network of nerves &
Nerve endings are found in which layer of skin?
Dermis
71
What do the nerves & nerve endings of the skin sense?
Temp,pain, pressure
72
These are found at various levels of the dermis
Nerves
Arrector pili
Hair follicles
Blood vessels
73
Extremely fine & soft hair of a newborn
Lanugo
74
What areas of the skin are truly hairless?
Mouth
Palms
Lips
Soles of feet
Parts of genitalia
75
What causes pubic hair growth?
Hormones
76
The tube where the hair grows
Follicle
77
Small, cap-shaped cluster of cells where hair begins to grow
Hair papilla
78
The part of the hair that is hidden in the hair follicle
Root
79
The visible part of the hair
Hair shaft
80
True or false: cutting & shaving hair makes it grow faster
False
81
Tiny, smooth involuntary muscles that cause goose bumps
Arrector pili
82
What makes hair grow straight?
Arrector pili
83
These make it possible for the skin to serve as sense organs
Receptors
84
Deep to the dermis, they detect pressure
Pacifism corpuscle
85
Close to the skin surface, they detect light touch
Meissner’s corpuscle
86
These detect pain & temperature
Free nerve endings
87
These detect low-frequency vibration
Nails
88
Nails are hard due to what substance?
Keratin
89
The visible part of the nail
Nail body
90
The part of the nail that lies in the groove, hidden by a fold of skin
Nail root
91
The fold of skin that hides a part of the nail
Cuticle
92
The crescent-shaped white area of the nail
Lanula
93
A layer of the epithelium that lies under the nail
nail bed
94
A.k.a. Sweat glands
Sudoriferous
95
A.k.a. Oil glands
Sebaceous
96
The most numerous skin glands
Sudoriferous
97
Two types of sweat glands
Eccrine, apocrine
98
The most numerous of the sweat glands
Eccrine
99
The waste products eliminated by sweat
Ammonia & Uric acid
100
Glands that aid the body in maintaining a constant temperature
Sweat glands
101
Outlets of small ducts from eccrine sweat glands
Pores
102
These sweat glands are found under the armpits & around the genitals
Apocrine
103
Body odor is caused by body secretions being contaminated & decomposed by ___
Bacteria
104
These glands have tiny ducts that open into hair follicles
Sebaceous
105
Secretions from sebaceous glands that lubricate the hair & skin
Sebum
106
The substance that makes up pimples & blackheads
Sebum
107
Increased wrinkling & cracking of skin in late adulthood is due in large part to decreased ___ production.
Sebum
108
Four functions of the skin
Protect
Hear balance
Sensation
Vitamin D production
109
What does the skin protect against?
UV
bacteria
Chemicals
Fluid loss
110
Treatment & recovery from burns depends on what two things?
Area & depth
111
What is burn severity determined by?
Degree
112
The most frequently used method of determining the extent of a burn injury?
Rule of nine
113
A type of burn with minor discomfort & reddening of the skin
1st degree
114
There are no blisters with this type of burn
1st degree
115
A type of burn involving deep epidermal layer & upper dermal layers
2nd degree
116
A type of burn with damage to sweat glands, hair follicles, & sebaceous glands but dermis is not completely destroyed
2nd degree
117
A type of burn with blisters, severe pain, swelling, fluid loss & often scarring
2nd degree
118
A type of burn with complete destruction of the dermis & epidermis
3rd degree
119
A type of burn that often involves muscle
3rd degree to 4th
120
Fungus
Tinea
121
Odor producing sweat glands
Apocrine
122
Vitamin d deficiency
Rickets
123
Inflammation of the dermis
Dermatitis
124
A.k.a. Bed sores
Decubitus ulcer
125
Skin cancer that often affects those with AIDS
Kaposi Sarcoma
126
Malignant neoplasm that involves melanin-producing cells
Melanoma
127
A.k.a. Ringworms
Tinea corporis
128
A.k.a. Athlete’s foot
Tinea pedis
129
Given with a hypodermic needle
Subcutaneous injection
130
Glands that produce ear wax
Ceruminous
131
Inflammation of the serous membranes of the abdominal cavity
Peritonitis
132
Inflammation of the serous membranes of the chest cavity
Pleurisy
133
What part of the nail hangs over the finger?
Free edge
134
What areas of the body has the thickest skin?
Palms & soles
135
What type of muscle are Arrector Pili?
A. Cardiac
B. Skeletal
C. Smooth
D. They are not muscles
Smooth
