Pathologies of integumentary system Flashcards by Taylor Barnett

Region in which tissue has suffered damage through injury or disease

lesion

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Due to overstimulated sebaceous glands; small masses of hardened, discolored sebum that was exposed; a.k.a comedo; comedones

Blackheads

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Large blister (fluid filled sac or lesion when fluid is trapped under a thick layer of skin)

Bulla

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A.k.a contusion or hematoma

Bruise

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Elevated circular mound; can be skin color or erythema and contents can be semisolid or partly fluid filled; ex. Acne Sebastian’s cyst

Cyst

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Deep cut or tear in skin or skin & flesh

Laceration

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Flat skin discoloration; usually no change in skin texture or thickness ex. Freckle, flat mole, some rashes such as with measles

Macule

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Elevated, solid lesion

Papule

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Elevated or depressed skin area, may be flat topped or rounded ex. Lesions or psoriasis

Plaque

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Small blister or pimple on the skin containing pus ex. Whitehead, blackhead

Pustule

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Mark left of skin where a wound, burn, or sore has not healed completely & fibrous connective tissue has developed;

Scar

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Raised scar caused by excessive protein (collagen) in the skin that built during healing process

Keloid scar

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Round sore on skin or mucous membrane with loss of epidermis and portions of dermis (may even be as deep as subcutaneous fat)

Ulcer

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Bubble-like sac of fluid when water is trapped under the epidermis ex. Blister, some bug bites

Vesicle

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Red, swollen mark left on flesh by a blow or pressure; also seen with hives

Wheal

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Pale or white-topped pustule on the skin

Whitehead

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Genetic mutation; congenital absence of melanin; white to light pink color

Albinism

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Due to pigmentation or dilated capillaries present on the skin at birth; a.k.a birthmarks; ex. Port-wine stain and mole (can develop into a malignant melanoma)

Nevus

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Common, noncontagious, autoimmune chronic skin disease; reddened skin covered by dry, silvery scales (called plaques); common on scalp, elbows, knees, back, & buttocks

Psoriasis

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Autoimmune disorder of the connective tissue; inflammation & overproduction of collagen; usually appears in 30-50 years old

Scleroderma

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Autoimmune (melanocytes slowly destroyed in ever-enlarging patches of skin); acquired condition of leukoderma that affects skin or hair; white, depigmented patches interspersed with normally pigmented skin

Vitiligo

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Benign tumor composed of blood or lymphatic vessels; common in newborns & usually disappear during childhood

Angioma

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Second leading cause of cancer death in women (1 in 8) mammograms, fine-needle biopsy; lumpectomy, mastectomy, radical mastectomy

Breast cancer

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Caused by pressure & friction; cone-shaped areas on or between toes; thickening of stratum corneum & a central core of keratin (which distinguishes it from a callus)

Corns

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Most common breast disorder (50% of women); breast cancer is more common with these women

Fibrocystic disease

Benign tumor formed of mature fat cells; a soft, moveable subcutaneous nodule; typically found on trunk, forearms, or neck

Lipoma

Formed by melanocytes; watch for changes, can develop into a malignant melanoma a.k.a. Nevus

Mole

Benign growths that appear in middle-aged and elderly; light brown or black flat areas that can be mistaken for moles or warts

Seborrheic keratosis

Small, soft, flesh-colored or pigmented benign growth; often on axillary or groin region

Skin tags

Subcutaneous tumor of sebaceous glands that contain sebum, keratin & hair follicle cells; small growth on scalp, neck or back; a.k.a. Sebaceous cyst or wen

Steatoma

Least malignant & most common (50%) of the skin cancers; tend to have a whitish border

Basal cell carcinoma

Begins as a pigmented lesion that develops into an ulcerated crater; may be invasive, but rarely metastasizes

Squamous cell carcinoma

Most serious & least common (2%) of the skin cancers that metastasizes quickly ABCDs for identifying possible melanomas - Asymmetry, border irregular, color change, diameter growth

Malignant melanoma

Due to an allergy or hypersensitivity, commonly pollens, cosmetics, or foods oozing, crusting & intense itching; a.k.a. Eczema

Atopic dermatitis

Due to contact with chemicals or other exterior agents that damage or irritate the skin causing redness, blisters, discomfort &/or itchy, flaky skin; small vesicles may appear; ex. Poison ivy, medication, cosmetics, rubber; tx. Topical or oral antihistamine or corticosteroids

Contact dermatitis

Acute or chronic inflammatory condition; dry or moist lesion (usually red, blistered, oozing area that itches painfully); lesions can be scales, vesicles or papules

Dermatitis

Caused by overactive sebaceous glands; oily or shiny condition of nose, forehead or scalp & possibly oily hair; ex. Dandruff a.k.a. Cradle cap in infants & eczema in children/adults

Seborrheic dermatitis

Inflammation caused by staphylococci (bacteria found in milk/ dairy)

Staphylodermatitis

Chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands & hair follicles; acne vulgaris is most common in puberty; can involve whiteheads, blackheads, cysts etc

Acne

Local staphylococcal infections; enters hair follicle; looks like acne but lesions are bigger.

Boils

Single boil

Furuncle

Cluster of boils

Carbuncle

Acute, rapidly spreading; usually found in lower extremities; involves redness, heat, swelling, & pain; refer client to physician

Cellulitis

Most common std/sti; thin, watery discharge and painful urination

Chlamydia

Streptococcal infection; massage contraindicated

Erysipelas & ecthyma

Usually staph aureus bacteria; infection of hair follicle

Folliculitis

Discharge and burning sensation when urinating; if untreated bacteria can enter bloodstream; thick yellow urethral discharge; women may show no symptoms

Gonorrhea

Acute, highly contagious; usually found on face; involves itchy small red spots that develop into vesicles that become filled with pus & burst; develops a thick, yellow crust; common among children; if systemic, it may become life threatening; refer client

Impetigo

Single, painless chancre (lesion that ulcerates, forms a crust & then heals) on penis or female genitalia; sore is hard & ulcerated (with hole in center); sore may go away & appear later as a rash which can cause degeneration of parts of the body

Syphilis

Caused by herpes zoster virus; adults often have serious symptoms

Chicken pox

Caused by herpes zoster virus; must have had chicken pox in the past, virus lies dormant on peripheral nerves & causes inflammation when immune suppressed due to illness or stress or age; vaccine available

Shingles

Type 1: cold sores or fever blisters on face or mouth Type 2: vesicular lesions (blisters) on thighs, buttocks, penis, scrotum, perineum, vulva, vagina or anus; when blister breaks, they become skin ulcers often enters through the mucous membranes

Herpes simplex

Highly contagious; symptoms begin 10-12 days after contract German measles: a.k.a rubella, very harmful to unborn child, especially early fetus

Measles

Superficial skin infection with firm, flesh-colored doughnut shaped bumps; sunken centers contain a white, curd-like material; incubation can be weeks to months; shaving or scratching may cause the infection to spread

Molluscum contagiosum

Caused by human papillomavirus (HPV); contagious, benign growth of the keratin-producing cells of the epidermis & mucous membranes Common-raised, rough surface; usually on hands Plantar- grow inward; painful & hard to remove usually on feet Venereal- itching, flesh-colored, irregular lesions that are raised and cauliflower-like

Warts

Thrush- when develops in mouth ex. Diaper rash

Candidiasis

Athletes foot

Tinea pedis

Ringworm on head

Tinea capitis

A.k.a. Dermatophytosis

Ringoworm

Jock itch

Tinea crural

Ringworm on no hair part of body

Tinea corporis

Head lice

Pediculosis capitis

Parasitic mite that burrows under epidermis

Scabies

Hair loss or baldness

Alopecia

Usually due to aging or bodily disorders, may be caused by alkalis in soaps; absolute or partial deficiency of sebum resulting dry, scaly skin

Asteatosis

Increased deposits of pigment; ex. Moth patches or liver spots a.k.a. Mask of pregnancy (same hormone causes linea alba to darken)

Chloasma

Darkened linea alba

Linea Niagra

Bed sore

Decubitus ulcer

Superficial, thickened patch of epidermis due to friction on hands & feet a.k.a callus

Keratoma

Freckles; on parts exposed to the sun

Lentigines

Excessive oiliness & chronic inflammation of cheeks & nose; redness due to dilation of blood vessels & formation of papules & pustules; skin becomes course & pores enlarged;

Rosacea

Cause unknown; abnormal brown skin patches, having circular & irregular shape; colors due to blood pigment; occurring during aging, certain diseases or after disappearances of moles, freckles or liver spots

Stains

Allergic or emotional reaction; red, raised lesions or wheals w/ severe itching; appear suddenly & may disappear suddenly; ex. Hives, welt (a large wheal)

Urticaria

Fat build up under the skin; appear yellowish; may indicate a high, unhealthy cholesterol/triglyceride level; often seen around the eyes

Xanthoma

Rough, dry skin; scales or small cracks possible; frequent hand washing, dry environment, swimming, jobs that are rough on hands are common causes ex. Winter itch

Xeroderma

Yellow pigment found in dermis

Carotene

Blue pigment; due to lack of oxygen

Cyanosis

Red pigment

erythema

Yellow pigment of skin

Jaundice

Due to congenital defective pigmentations; abnormal light patches; vitiligo is a type caused by an autoimmune condition

Leukoderma

Yellow to black pigment in epidermis;

Melanin

White pigment of skin

pallor

Chase unknown; common chronic, inflammatory skin disease; lesions are dry patches covered with coarse, silvery scales

Psoriasis

Pathologies of integumentary system Flashcards

(83 cards)