Integumentary system quiz

Question 1

what are the 5 functions of the integumentary system?

Answer 1

1 protective covering
2 body temp regulation
3 sensory receptors
4 vitamin D synthesis
5 waste excretion

Question 2

what is the most superficial layer of skin?

Answer 2

epidermis

Question 3

what are the 2 kinds of epidermis?

Answer 3

thick- palms, soles of feet

thin- everything else

Question 4

what is the epidermis composed of?

Answer 4

stratified squamous epithelium tissue

Question 5

what are the 4 types of cells in the epidermis?

Answer 5

1 keratinocytes
2 melanocytes
3 dendritic cells
4 merkel cells

Question 6

what type of cell is the predominant type of epidermis that makes keratin

Answer 6

keratinocytes

Question 7

what is keratin?

Answer 7

1 structural protein which toughens and waterproofs the surface of epidermis
2 resist abrasion

Question 8

which cell manufactures melanin?

Answer 8

melanocytes- epidermis

Question 9

what are dendritic (langerhans) cells?

Answer 9

1 immune cells
2 long dendritic processes that connect to epidermis
3 make a mesh in the epidermis trapping foreign things coming into the epidermis, migrate to dermis and into lymphatic system

Question 10

what are merkel cells?

Answer 10

1 tactile mechanoreceptors

2 only receptor in the epidermis

Question 11

which layer of skin is the deepest and actively mitotic?

Answer 11

stratum basale

Question 12

how many layers does thin skin have? which layer is missing from thin skin?

Answer 12

4 layers, stratum lucidum

Question 13

what are the 5 layers of thick skin?

Answer 13

1 stratum basale
2 stratum spinosum
3 stratum granulosum
4 stratum lucidum
5 stratum corneum

Question 14

which layer begins synthesis of keratin and makes the cells look spiky?

Answer 14

stratum spinosum- slightly mitotic

Question 15

what is the stratum germinativum?

Answer 15

stratum basale + stratum spinosum

Question 16

what happens in the stratum germinativum?

Answer 16

it is the primary site of cholecalciferol manfacturing

Question 17

which layer is made up of flattened cells filling up with keratin?

Answer 17

stratum granulosum

Question 18

which layer is made up of 20-30 layers flattened, keratinized dead cells?

Answer 18

stratum corneum

Question 19

what is dermis composed of and what does it house?

Answer 19

composed of connective tissue and houses muscle fibers, blood vessels, hair follicles, exocrine glands and sensory nerve fibers

Question 20

which layer is known as “true skin”?

Answer 20

dermis

Question 21

what are the 2 layers of dermis?

Answer 21

papillary layer- upper 2/3

reticular layer- lower 1/3

Question 22

where is the papillary layer?

Answer 22

loose connective tissue directly underlying the epidermis

Question 23

what do you call the pulling of elastic fibers in the papillary layer?

Answer 23

dermal ridges- fingerprints and toe prints

Question 24

what do the dermal ridges do?

Answer 24

help grip with more friction

Question 25

where is the reticular layer?

Answer 25

it is dense regular connective tissue underlying the papillary layer

Question 26

what are the characteristics of the reticular layer?

Answer 26

it is quite distensible and resilient which allows the skin to return to position when pulled up- elasticity

Question 27

when the reticular layer is overstretched what happens?

Answer 27

it tears producing stretch marks (striae distensae)

Question 28

where is the subcutaneous layer?

Answer 28

it is the superficial fascia or hypodermis and is not officially part of the skin

Question 29

what is the subcutaneous layer made of?

Answer 29

adipose tissue and loose connective tissue interlaced with blood vessels

Question 30

what is the role of the adipose tissue?

Answer 30

1 conserve internal body heat or impede entrance of external heat 2 bind skin to underlying structures

Question 31

what causes pink skin coloration?

Answer 31

blood flow in dermis and subcutaneous layers

Question 32

what are the 2 causes of yellow skin coloration?

Answer 32

1 carotene- temporary | 2 thick stratum corneum with increased keratin- permanent

Question 33

what is carotene?

Answer 33

yellowish pigment acquired through diet- temporary

Question 34

where do you most commonly see a thicker stratum corneum related to skin tone?

Answer 34

primarily found among people of asian descent

Question 35

what are the causes of brown skin coloration/

Answer 35

due to melanin, produced by melanocytes found in the stratum basale; imparts a light to dark brown coloration depending on concentration

Question 36

human skin color differences are primarily due to differences in what?

Answer 36

melanin and its distribution; most people have same number of melanocytes

Question 37

what are freckles?

Answer 37

small isolated patches of highly concentrated melanin secretion