Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Flashcards
(28 cards)
What are IDDs?
Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: chronic disabilities due to mental and/or physical impairments
What are some causes of IDDs?
Fetal abnormalities, birth defects, metabolic/chromosomal disorders, prematurity, nutrient deficiencies, environmental toxins
What functional limitations are associated with IDDs?
Self-care, language, learning, mobility, self-direction, independence, economic self-sufficiency
How is intellectual disability defined?
Below-average intellectual function + functional limitations
What anthropometric tools are used for IDD patients?
Chair/bucket scales, arm span, knee height, sitting height, bed height
Why are height-based measurements important for IDD patients?
Because energy needs are estimated based on height, not weight
T/F: Energy needs for IDD patients are estimated based on weight.
False – they’re based on height (kcals/cm)
What factors can reduce energy needs in IDD patients?
Obesity risk, lack of mobility, hypometabolism, low muscle tone
What are common oral-motor feeding issues in IDD patients?
Difficulty sucking, chewing, swallowing
How does positioning affect feeding in IDD?
Poor head/trunk control and posture can impair feeding
What behavioral feeding issues may arise?
Sensory issues, lack of autonomy, distractions
What are possible interventions for self-feeding difficulties?
OT training, adaptive equipment
What causes Down Syndrome?
Extra chromosome 21
What are nutrition-related risks in Down Syndrome?
Obesity (short stature, low activity, low muscle tone), constipation, hypothyroidism
MNT for Down Syndrome?
Nutrient-dense foods, high-fiber for constipation, decrease energy-dense foods, refer to PT for activity
What causes Prader-Willi Syndrome?
Genetic disorder due to loss of chromosomal material
What are hallmark features of Prader-Willi?
Insatiable appetite (usually starting in toddlerhood), short stature, low BMR, poor suck in infancy
What is a major metabolic risk with Prader-Willi?
Diabetes due to poor insulin response
MNT and interventions by life stage for Prader-Willi?
Infancy: Concentrate formula/BM, monitor hydration
Toddler/preschool: Establish mealtime routines
School-age: Lock food storage
Adult: Behavior modification
What is Spina Bifida?
Neural tube defect
How is Spina Bifida prevented?
Folic acid supplementation pre-pregnancy and early pregnancy
What are nutrition-related concerns in Spina Bifida?
Paralysis, constipation, obesity, pressure injuries, swallowing issues
What allergy risk is increased in Spina Bifida patients?
Latex allergy → cross-reactive with bananas, avocados, kiwi
What causes cerebral palsy (CP)?
Brain injury or oxygen/blood deprivation during early development
