Intellectual, Developmental, Learning, and Behavioral Disorders Flashcards
(28 cards)
1
Q
symptoms of intellectual disability
A
- deficits in intellectual functioning
- deficits in adaptive functioning
- deficits across multiple environments
- onset before age 18
2
Q
IQ that is 2 standard deviations below average
A
70
3
Q
three areas of adaptive functioning
A
- social
- conceptual
- practical
4
Q
mild disability level of functioning
A
- functions relatively well
- may seem immature to others
5
Q
moderate disability level of functioning
A
- unable to function independently
- can be trained for unskilled work
- can engage in basic self-care independently
- capable of relationships, but do not accurately understand social cues
6
Q
severe disability level of functioning
A
- can perform relatively simple tasks under close supervision
- lack basic speech and mathematic skills
7
Q
profound disability level of functioning
A
- require constant supervision
- nonverbal communication
- significant other medical and neurological problems
8
Q
symptoms of specific learning disorder
A
- difficulties with learning and academic skills
- skill levels are below age expectation
- onset during school years
- difficulty lasts for 6 months or more
- ruled out other causes
9
Q
types of specific learning disorder
A
- reading: inaccurate/slow reading or difficulty understanding what is being read
- writing: spelling or grammar/punctuation
- math: basic numbers and calculations or mathematical reasoning
10
Q
symptoms of autism
A
- deficits in social communication and interaction
- at least two restricted and repetitive patterns
- onset during the early developmental period (before age 3)
11
Q
types of social communication deficits
A
- social-emotional reciprocity
- nonverbal communication
- relationships
12
Q
examples of restricted, repetitive patterns
A
- hyper-reactive or hypo-reactive
- organizing things in a specific way
13
Q
symptoms of ADHD
A
- persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity
- at least 6 inattention symptoms or at least 6 hyperactive symptoms
- last 6 months or more
- symptoms must be present before age 12
- symptoms exist in at least two settings
14
Q
inattention symptoms
A
- inattention to detail or making careless mistakes
- difficulty sustaining attention
- not listening when spoken to directly
- failure to follow through on instructions
- difficulty in organizing activities
- not liking tasks that require sustained efforts
- losing things
- easily distracted by stimuli
- forgetfulness
15
Q
hyperactive symptoms
A
- fidgeting
- leaving your seat when expected to be seated
- running or climbing when inappropriate to do so
- unable to engage in quiet activities
- acting like being driven by a motor
- excessive talking
- blurting out answers
- interrupting or intruding in conversation
16
Q
types of ADHD diagnosis
A
- ADHD, hyperactive type
- ADHD, inattention type
- ADHD, combined type
17
Q
symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder
A
- a pattern of at least 4 behaviors with non-siblings
- rule out other disorders and causes (disruptive mood dysregulation)
- behaviors persist for at least 6 months
18
Q
types of behavior under oppositional defiant disorder
A
- losing temper
- being touchy or easily annoyed
- angry and resentful
- arguing with authority figures
- actively defying rules
- deliberately annoying others
- blaming others for mistakes
- spiteful actions at least twice in 6 months
19
Q
symptoms of conduct disorder
A
- violating the rights of others and societal norms through at least three behaviors
- rule out other disorders and causes (antisocial)
- behaviors exist for at least 12 months with at least one symptom occurring within the last 6 months
20
Q
types of behavior under conduct disorder
A
- bullying/threatening
- initiating fights
- using a serious weapon
- physical cruelty to animals
- physical cruelty to people
- theft in presence of a victim
- forcing sexual activity
- deliberate fire setting to cause damage
- deliberately destroying property
- breaking into a house, building, or car
- lying to avoid obligations or obtain favors
- stealing non-trivial items without the victim present
- staying out at night despite prohibitions before age 13
- running away from home twice or once for a long time
- truancy before age 13
21
Q
specifiers of conduct disorder
A
- adolescent-onset
- childhood-onset callous and unemotional
- childhood-onset non callous or unemotional
22
Q
adolescent onset type of conduct disorder
A
- no symptoms before age 10
- less or no violent symptoms
- less severe
23
Q
childhood onset non callous or unemotional type of conduct disorder
A
- symptoms before age 10
- more likely to be violent in response to triggers
- moderately severe
24
Q
childhood onset callous and unemotional type of conduct disorder
A
- symptoms before age 10
- most likely to be violent when unprovoked
- decreased sensitivity to punishment
- typically turns into an antisocial diagnosis
- most severe
25
treatment options
- focus is on prevention
- operant conditioning with reward to change behaviors
- teaching new social, emotion management, and other skills
- address any related problems
- medication for impulsivity, hyperactivity, agitation, and/or aggression
26
etiology
almost fully due to neurological factors, but things such as lead paint or smoking during pregnancy can heighten risk
27
stereotyped behaviors
repetitive behaviors that do not serve a function and are common among people with intellectual disability and ASD, such as body rocking or hand flapping
28
teratogens
substances that are harmful to a fetus and increase risk for a disorder
