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Abnormal Psychology > Psychotic Disorders > Flashcards

Psychotic Disorders Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

positive symptoms

A

characterized by the presence of an excess of abnormal features

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2
Q

negative symptoms

A

characterized by the absence or reduction of normal mental functioning

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3
Q

four positive symptoms

A

hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior

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4
Q

five negative symptoms

A

flat affect, avolition, alogia, anhedonia, asociality

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5
Q

command hallucination

A

a voice telling you to do something

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6
Q

persecutory delusions

A

the belief that someone or something is after you

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7
Q

controlling delusions

A

thought insertion beliefs

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8
Q

grandiose delusions

A

the belief that you are significantly more powerful, knowledgeable, or capable than reality; can also include believing that you are a different (powerful or famous) person

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9
Q

referential delusions

A

the belief that external events have a special meaning for you alone

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10
Q

mild disorganized speech

A

loose associations & topic derailment

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11
Q

moderate disorganized speech

A

tangential speech & unrelated thoughts

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12
Q

severe disorganized speech

A

rhyming, word salad, neologisms

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13
Q

neologisms

A

made-up words with no real meaning

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14
Q

catatonia

A

a state of being fully unresponsive to the environment

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15
Q

avolition

A

lack of motivation

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16
Q

alogia

A

lack of speech

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17
Q

anhedonia

A

diminished ability to experience pleasure

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18
Q

asociality

A

impairments in social relationships

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19
Q

diagnosis requirements for schizophrenia

A

at least 2 psychotic symptoms (one must be positive) for at least one month
marked impairment
continuous signs of the disorder for at least six months

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20
Q

cognitive defects related to schizophrenia

A

attention, working memory, executive functioning

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21
Q

brief psychotic disorder

A

one positive psychotic symptoms for less than one month followed by a full recovery

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22
Q

schizophreniform disorder

A

at least 2 psychotic symptoms (one must be positive) for 1-6 months

2/3 of patients later develop schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder

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23
Q

schizoaffective disorder

A

at least 2 psychotic symptoms (one must be positive) AND major depressive disorder or a manic episode occurring at the same time

high level of functioning and high risk of suicide

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24
Q

delusional disorder

Study These Flashcards
A

no symptoms other than delusions

symptoms last for at least one month

25
erotomanic delusions
the belief that someone is in love with you
26
somatic delusions
the belief that something is wrong with your body
27
mixed delusions
experiencing more than one type of delusion
28
unspecified delusions
experiencing a different type of delusion
29
folie a deux
a shared delusion among two or more people, stemming from a primary patient with a psychotic disorder
30
schizotypal personality disorder
not technically a psychotic disorder eccentric behavior and difficulties with social relationship no psychotic symptoms
31
worldwide prevalence of schizophrenia
1%
32
the course of schizophrenia
premorbid phase prodromal phase active phase residual phase
33
premorbid phase
before symptoms develop | some people may display personality characteristics or cognitive deficits that later evolve into negative symptoms
34
prodromal phase
between the onset of symptoms and the time when the minimum criteria for a disorder are met
35
active phase
the person exhibits symptoms that meed the criteria for a disorder
36
residual phase
after positive symptoms have subsided and the full criteria for diagnosis are no longer met
37
rule of thirds
1/3 of patients improve significantly 1/3 stay the same, having relapses and permanent deficits 1/3 become chronically and severely disabled
38
biological etiology
enlarged ventricles, high levels/sensitivity of dopamine, low level of estrogen, heredity
39
enlarged ventricles as a vulnerability
when the ventricles are filled with fluid and enlarged, there are less brain cells and reductions in brain matter in the frontal and temporal lobes
40
possible causes of brain abnormalities
maternal malnourishment during 1st trimester maternal viral sickness during 6th month of pregnancy oxygen deprivation to a fetus or newborn
41
biological marker
a neurological, bodily, or behavioral characteristic that distinguishes people with a psychological disorder
42
smooth pursuit eye movements
biological marker for schizophrenia difficulty maintaining smooth, continuous eye movements when tracking a light as it moves
43
sensory gaiting
biological marker for schizophrenia having the same response to two clicks in succession, as opposed to a lessened response to a second one
44
the dopamine hypothesis
proposes that an overproduction of dopamine or an increase in the number or sensitivity of receptors is responsible for schizophrenia
45
the estrogen production hypothesis
proposes that they hormone estrogen protects against symptoms of schizophrenia via its effects on serotonin and dopamine
46
psychological etiology
cognitive deficits beliefs and attributions emotional expression
47
social etiology
family and community interactions high expressed emotion family interaction style basic social stressors, especially during critical periods
48
theory of mind
a person's ability to predict how others will react to a given situation lacking in people with schizophrenia
49
the social selection hypothesis
proposes that people who are mentally ill drift to a lower socioeconomic level because of impairments
50
social causation hypothesis
proposes that the daily stressors of urban life, especially as experienced by people in low socioeconomic classes, trigger mental illness in those who are vulnerable
51
four step treatment process
treat positive symptoms treat negative symptoms address cognitive deficits increase ability to function in normal life
52
traditional antipsychotics
work on the original neurotransmitter system implicated in psychotic disorders (dopamine) only treat positive symptoms
53
atypical antipsychotics
work on both dopamine and serotonin systems aimed to have less side effects more successful treat both positive and negative symptoms
54
side effects of atypical antipsychotics
metabolic side effects - significant weight gain causing obesity-related problems low white blood cell count
55
extrapyramidal side effects
effects on a specific nerve tract in the brain by the decrease in dopamine, causing motor side effects
56
tardive dyskinesia
side effect that produces involuntary lip smacking and odd facial contortions as well as other movement-related symptoms
57
community care
programs that allow mental health care providers to visit patients in their homes at any time of day or night
58
supported employment programs
place people in regular work settings and provide an onsite job coach to help them adjust
59
sheltered employment programs
involves working in settings that are specifically designed for people with emotional or intellectual problems who cannot maintain a regular job

Abnormal Psychology (8 decks)

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