Intellectual disabilities

Question 1

Unique aspects of intellectual disabilities

Answer 1

Significant deficits in intellectual functioning
Limited adaptive functioning
Evident in developmental period
Specify severity

Question 2

intellectual disabilities

Answer 2

when children show significant impairments in intellectual functioning and show limitations in their adaptive functioning

Question 3

Adaptive functioning is considered for three domains

Answer 3

1- Conceptual domain(reasoning, memory, language, reasoning and academic skills)
2- Social domain(social judgment, empathy, interpersonal communication and friendship)
3- Practical domain(daily life skills like personal care, money management, recreation, and job responsibilities)

Question 4

IQ score should be below____for the consideration of the diagnosis

Answer 4

70

Question 5

Specifiers

Answer 5

1-Mild intellectual d- educable within the educational field Children with this severity of intellectual disability can develop social skills and communication skills and can often achieve academic skills up to the sixth‐grade level. Higher academic functioning is often limited, even with intensive special education services in the higher grades. With proper support, these individuals can develop vocational skills and may be able to live somewhat independently as adults

2-Moderate- trainable- Individuals can develop communication and social skills and can often achieve academic work that is consistent with the fourth grade if special education services are provided. With some support, these individuals can be employed in unskilled and semiskilled jobs as adults. Independent living is rare for individuals with moderate intellectual disability, but structured group settings are not uncommon for individuals with this level of impairment

3- Severe- severely/profoundly handicapped -often have limited language abilities, poor motor skills, severely limited self‐help skills, and little hope for academic achievement. In older adolescence and early adulthood, individuals with severe intellectual disability may be able to work within a sheltered workshop setting, but their work and caretaking habits would need to be supervised closely.

4- Profound- custodial- most often do not show any self‐care skills, verbal abilities, or motor skills. Care and supervision by others is almost always necessary. Many individuals with profound intellectual disability never develop basic skills that would be expected of young children (such as bowel and bladder control, the ability to feed oneself, and the ability to clothe oneself).

Question 6

concern about Referring to
intellectual disability
as a type of

Answer 6

psychopathology

Question 7

American Association of
Intellectual and Developmental
Disabilities (AAIDD)

Answer 7

● Comparable diagnostic
definitions, except severity
subcategories
● Focus is on the child’s
environment before a
diagnosis is made
● Focuses on both strengths and
weaknesses

Question 8

5 assumptions:

Answer 8

● Limitations within the
context of environment
● Diversity and differences
● Limitations coexist with
strengths
● Profile of needed supports
● Improvements with supports

Question 9

AAIDD highlights
supports for
individuals

Answer 9

Resources and strategies
that aim to promote the
development, education,
interests, and personal
well‐being of a person
and that enhance
individual functioning

Question 10

Supporting activities:

Answer 10

● Developmental
● Educational
● Home living
● Community living
● Employment
● Health and safety
● Behavioural
● Social
● Protection and advocacy

Question 11

Rather than focusing on a diagnosis within the person, the AAIDD organization attempts to consider the individual as

Answer 11

one part of a larger system that should be utilized to maximize the functioning of everyone regardless of their fundamental abilities.

Question 12

Comorbidity and neurological disorders

Answer 12

Epilepsy and cerebral palsy

Question 13

Comorbidity and psychiatric disorders

Answer 13

Dual diagnosis
● ADHD
● Autism spectrum disorder
● ODD
● Major depression
● Anxiety disorders

Question 14

Impairments

Answer 14

visual and hearing impairments

Question 15

Emotional and behavioral problems

Answer 15

● Aggressive behaviour
● Compulsive-like behaviours
● Self-injurious behaviour
● Suicidality
● Speech and language
problems
● Sleep problems
● Social deficits
● Attachment challenges
● Physical health concerns

Question 16

Etiology

Answer 16

● 30-40% unknown
● 30% early alterations of
embryonic development
● 15-20% environmental
influences and other
mental disorders
● 10% later pregnancy and
perinatal problems
● 5% hereditary disorders
● 5% acquired childhood
diseases/accidents

Question 17

Treatment

Answer 17

children and adolescents who receive services and who live in the mainstream of society show greater educational and behavioral improvements than those who receive more confined services
Majority occurs within the school system

Psychological and behavioral
challenges:
● Behavioral in nature
● Skills training techniques
● Applied behavior analysis
● Family interventions
● Medication

Question 18

Prevention

Answer 18

Prenatal supplements
● Education for pregnant
women
● Good prenatal care
● Public health interventions
● Creating child-safe
environments
● Laws on environmental
products

Question 19

dimensional manner

Answer 19

● Focusing on
commonalities
● Highlighting the ability
for improvements
● Questioning the concept
of intellectual
disability
● De-emphasizing labelling
● Increasing acceptance
● Protection and expansion
of legal rights
● Prevention of
intellectual limitations
● Educational and
psychological services