Intellectual Disabilities Flashcards
What is the definition of Intellectual Disability (ID) according to WHO, 1992?
Intellectual Disability (ID) is a condition of arrested or incomplete development of the mind, characterised by impairment of skills that contribute to the overall level of intelligence (WHO, 1992).
What skills are impaired in Intellectual Disability (ID)?
Cognitive, language, motor, and social abilities.
According to AAIDD, what characterises Intellectual Disability?
Significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour.
At what age does Intellectual Disability originate?
Before age 18.
What is the IQ range for Very Superior Intelligence?
IQ > 130.
What is the IQ range for Average Intelligence?
IQ range 90-109.
What IQ range is considered Mentally Retarded?
IQ < 70.
What is important to consider when measuring adaptive functioning in individuals with ID?
Use culture-fair assessment tools and evaluate adaptive behaviour by comparing functional abilities to peers of similar age and education.
Name three synonyms for Intellectual Disability.
Mental retardation, learning disability, mental impairment.
What limitations characterise Intellectual Disability according to DSM IV?
Limitations in >2 of communication, self-care, home living, social skills, self-direction, community living, health and safety, academic abilities, leisure, and work.
What is the prevalence of Intellectual Disability in the general population?
1-3%.
What percentage of Intellectual Disability cases are Mild?
80%.
What is the IQ range for Moderate Intellectual Disability?
IQ range 35-49.
What are the key features of Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability?
Severe: IQ 20-34 (3-4%); Profound: IQ < 20 (1-2%).
What physical co-morbidities are common in individuals with severe Intellectual Disability?
Visual impairment, hearing impairment, speech and language disorders, cerebral palsy, seizures.
What psychological co-morbidities are increased in individuals with Intellectual Disability?
ADHD, affective disorders, psychotic disorders, eating disorders.
Who are the key members of a multidisciplinary team for assessing ID?
Developmental or neurology specialists, psychologists, psychiatrists, speech and language therapists, occupational therapists, audiologists, optometrists.
What are essential components of a typical assessment for Intellectual Disability?
Age and culture-appropriate IQ testing, formal assessment of adaptive skills, investigation of family and developmental history, assessment of psychological and behavioural functioning, physical examination, speech assessment, auditory assessment, and relevant investigations.
What are some common ways mental health problems present in children with ID?
Overactivity, attention deficits, self-injurious behaviour, cyclical mood and behaviour change, ritualistic and obsessional behaviours.
Name contributors to psychological difficulties in children with ID.
Severity of ID, social factors like abuse and stigma, schooling, poverty, cause of ID.
What are the goals of management for Intellectual Disability?
Minimise symptoms and disability, reduce risk, teach life skills, improve quality of life, and support families.
What reactions do families often have when caring for someone with severe Intellectual Disability?
Caregivers are often overwhelmed, may reject the individual, and in severe cases, may abandon or institutionalise them.
List common challenging behaviours associated with Intellectual Disability.
Aggression, self-injury, destroying objects, non-compliance, socially inappropriate behaviour.
What strategies can be used to manage challenging behaviour in individuals with ID?
Adapt environment, establish routines, encourage group activities, adapt communication, use modelling, and redirection.
