Intellectual Disability Flashcards

Question

what are the post natal causes of LDs

Answer 1

CNS infections, vascular accidents, tumours, hypoxic brain injury, head injury, NAI, exposure to toxic agents, psychosocial environment Congenital hypothyroidism – now screened for neonatally, if untreated leads to mental and growth retardation. Other disorders of unknown aetiology Cerebral palsies, epilepsy, autistic spectrum disorders, childhood disintegrative disorders.

Answer 2

NAI, trauma, infections, toxins

Answer 3

Mental Retardation - ICD10/DSMIV Mental Handicap - Legislation Intellectual Disability Intellectual Developmental Disorder DSMV/ICD11

Answer 4

Learning disabled people will continue to grow and develop given an appropriate environment Learning disabled people are worthy of all the dignity and rights of any citizen Concept of learning through risk taking and the avoidance of over-protection The availability of everyday, normal conditions of life The availability of generic environments and services

Answer 5

``` discrimination family dysfunction sexual abuse different appearance poor employment stigma poor educational provisions autistic spectrum disorder ```

Answer 6

physical disability sensory problems mobility problems

Answer 7

mental illness epilepsy substance misuse physical illness

Answer 8

Organic vulnerability – ‘brain damage’ Social deprivation/disadvantage Life events Psychological reasons – learned helplessness

Answer 9

Intellect trouble labelling emotions and experiences Diagnostic overshadowing- Symptoms attributed to LD Compliance “Talked out of” symptoms Eager to please

Answer 10

``` Nature and severity of LD Current problem, Hx of Predisposing, precipitating and perpetuating factors Full History – Family Hx Full physical exam Mental state exam Environmental and social factors Support network Reliance on informants ```

Answer 11

``` Therapeutic environment General support (eg school), Specific support (eg psychiatric problems) Education Patient, Carers Social Unmet needs, Support network Communication Hearing aids, glasses, Pictorial, Makaton Behavioural Cognitive Pharmacological Physical interventions Headgear Isolation Admission Respite Specialist unit ```

Answer 12

``` behavioural (basic skills, normal patterns, relaxation, assertiveness training) CBT (problem sloving, anxiety, depression, offending behaviour) psychodynamic therapy (relationships, adjustments) ```

Answer 13

``` Antipsychotics Psychosis Behavioural disturbance Autism ADHD ``` ``` Antidepressants Depression Anxiety disorders Self injury Autism ``` Anticonvulsants Bipolar affective disorder Episodic dyscontrol

Answer 14

3 times more common Age of onset earlier (mean 23) Negative symptoms more common Main presenting symptom may be behaviour change Severe LD Unexplained aggression, bizarre behaviour, social withdrawal, mood lability, increased mannerisms or stereotypies Significant proportion undiagnosed

Answer 15

Three times as common Somatisation ++ Reduced verbal expression of unhappiness, guilt... Biological symptoms – sleep, appetite, energy, concentration, anhedonia

Answer 16

``` Comorbid physical disorders Epilepsy Constipation Atypical responses Decreased or increased sensitivity Paradoxical reactions Evidence base often lacking ```

Answer 17

Abnormal social interaction Communication impairment Rigid/restricted or repetitive behaviour, interests and activities

Answer 18

no develomental disorder

Answer 19

STRUCTURE, ROUTINE, PREDICTABILITY, COMMUNICATION ``` Communication aids and Speech and Language Therapy Picture boards, Social stories Educational and vocational interventions Mainstream vs specialist Behavioural interventions Behaviour modification, Social skills training Family intervention Education, Support, Advocacy ```