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Foundations of Psychology > INTELLIGENCE > Flashcards

INTELLIGENCE Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

What is intelligence?

A

Ability to:
learn from experience
Solve problems
Use knowledge to adapt to environment

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2
Q

What are characteristics of intelligence?

A

Problem-solving
Abstract Thinking / Reasoning
Capacity to learn / Acquire knowledge

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3
Q

Why do concepts of intelligence differ?

A

Because cultural environments differ

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4
Q

What did Galton try to demonstrate?

A

Biological basis for eminence

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5
Q

What 3 measures did Galton develop?

A

Reaction speed
Hand strength
Sensory acuity

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6
Q

What were Binet’s 3 assumptions?

A

Mental abilities develop with age
Intelligence underlies reasoning, thinking, and problem-solving.
Rate of mental competence is fairly constant over time

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7
Q

Binet & Simon developed what in 1904?

A

A set of age-graded intellectual tasks to compare Mental Age with Chronological Age.

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8
Q

Henry Goddard brought Binet & Simon’s test to the U.S. in 1910 to identify what?

A

Mentally retarded children

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9
Q

How did Henry Goddard view intelligence?

A

As a fixed entity

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10
Q

What else was the Binet and Simon intelligence test used for by the U.S.A. in 1910

A

To screen immigrants

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11
Q

What was Willian Stern’s IQ formula?

A

Mental age divided by chronological age times 100

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12
Q

What is the psychometric approach?

A

It establishes how many classes of mental ability underlie performance

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13
Q

Who categorised Chrystalised intelligence and Fluid intelligence?

A

Cattel and Horn

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14
Q

What is Chrystalised intelligence?

A

applying previously learned knowledge

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15
Q

What is Fluid intelligence?

A

Novel problem solving

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16
Q

What are the 3 levels of Carroll’s stratum model?

A

G = General intelligence
Cognitive skills
Perceptual skills

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17
Q

What do Cognitive process theories focus on?

A

information processing abilities

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18
Q

Sternberg’s triarchic theory includes what?

A

Specific cognitive processes that underlie intelligent behaviour

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19
Q

Sternberg differentiates between 3 forms of intelligence. What are they?

A

Practical
Analytical
Creative

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20
Q

Gardner preposes how many kinds of intelligence?

A

9 including personal and emotional

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21
Q

What do Achievement tests measure?

A

What has already been learned

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22
Q

What 3 things do the Wechsler scales measure?

A

Global IQ
Verbal IQ
Performance IQ

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23
Q

Besides the Wechsler scales, what do other scales provide?

Study These Flashcards
A 
Separate scores for
Crystallised intelligence and Fluid intelligence
&
Practical intelligence
Analytical intelligence
Creative intelligence
24
Q

What do Aptitude tests measure?

Study These Flashcards
A

Potential for future learning and performance

25
What do most intelligence tests measure?
A combination of achievement and aptitude
26
What are the 3 standards for psychological testing?
Reliability Validity Standardisation
27
What is reliability?
Consistency of measurement over time, within tests and across scorers
28
What is validity?
Does it measure what it claims to measure successfully
29
What is standardisation?
Development of norms and standard testing conditions
30
IQ scores successfully predict what?
``` Outcomes in Academic Occupation Life inc. how long people live and adaptational skills ```
31
What is the Flynn effect?
The rise in intelligence scores over the past century
32
What has caused the Flynn effect?
Possibly Better living conditions More schooling More complex environments
33
What is dynamic testing?
It is done after the static IQ test to measure how the respondent utilises the guided feedback given by the examiner
34
What are 2 types of intelligence tests for non-Western cultures
1. Tests not tied to any culture knowledge base | 2. Tests that measure important adaptation skills in a culture
35
Evidence suggests there are 3 factors relating to intelligent brains
1. They are larger 2. Function more efficiently. 3 Differences in brain plasticity may underlie intelligence
36
Intelligence is determined by 3 interacting factors. What are they?
Hereditary Environmental Social
37
Genes account for what percentage of population variation in IQ?
50-70%
38
Shared family environment accounts for what percentage of population variation in IQ in childhood?
25%-33%
39
In impoverished families, shared environment has been found to be A. more important than genes B. less important than genes
more important then genes
40
In affluent families, shared environment has been found to be A. more important than genes B. less important than genes
less important than genes
41
Twin studies show that heritability effects on intelligence do what in adulthood?
Increase
42
Intervention programs for disadvantaged are only effective if they are applied
early and intensively
43
Are there cultural and ethnic differences in intelligence?
yes but narrowing
44
What is it about the genetic, environmental and social factors that are still in question?
Their relative contributions
45
Do intelligence tests exhibit outcome bias toward minorities?
Is a point of contention
46
Do intelligence tests exhibit predictive bias toward minorities?
They do not appear to
47
Men tend to score higher than women on what 2 tasks
Spatial tasks and Mathematical reasoning tasks
48
Women tend to score higher than men on what 4 tasks?
Perceptual speed Verbal fluency Mathematical calculation Fine motor coordination
49
What is stereotype threat?
Belief that a specific behaviour would confirm a negative stereotype by others and this, in turn, becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy
50
The vast majority of disabled are able to function in mainstream society given what?
appropriate support
51
Those who achieve eminence tend to have what 2 drives in their chosen activities?
High levels of interest | High levels of motivation
52
Cognitive disability can range from what to what?
Mild to Profound
53
Who developed the Stanford-Binet Intelligence scale?
Lewis Terman translated and updated Binet's test at Stanford University in 1916
54
What is Eugenics?
The idea that children with a lower IQ are genetically inferior
55
What are the 5 measures of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale?
1. Fluid reasoning 2. Knowledge 3. Quantitative reasoning 4. Visual-Spatial processing 5. Working memory
56
Does William Stern's IQ calculation work?
Formula is ok for children but does not work for adults
57
How is IQ calculated for adults?
It is calculated in relation to performance of others of the same age

Foundations of Psychology (5 decks)

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