INTRO TO RESEARCH METHODS

Question 1

What is thinking or feeling without reasoning or evidence

Answer 1

Intuition

Question 2

What is acquiring knowledge from a highly respected source

Answer 2

Authority

Question 3

What is acquiring knowledge from logic and reasoning

Answer 3

Rationalism

Question 4

What is acquiring knowledge from experience and observation

Answer 4

Empiricism

Question 5

What is science

Answer 5

Intuition, Authority, Rationalism and Empiricism

Question 6

What is reasoning that goes from specific to general

Answer 6

Inductive reasoning

Question 7

What is reasoning that goes from general to specific

Answer 7

Deductive reasoning

Question 8

What is logical positivism in relation to hypothesis testing

Answer 8

Statement is meaningful only when it can be verified by observation or experience.

Question 9

What was Karl Poppers approach to hypothesis testing

Answer 9

Falsificationism

Question 10

What is Falsificationism

Answer 10

To try to vigorously disprove a hypothesis. If you can’t then the hypothesis might be true

Question 11

What is Naturalism

Answer 11

Empirical adequacy which accounts for most of the observable phenomena

Question 12

What are the 3 assumptions underlying scientific research

Answer 12

Uniformity, reality & discoverability

Question 13

What is uniformity

Answer 13

The assumption that there must be underlying relationships between some events in nature

Question 14

What is reality

Answer 14

What we perceive with our senses must be real

Question 15

What is Discoverability

Answer 15

The assumption that we can discover the regularities that exist in nature.

Question 16

What are the 4 characteristics of science

Answer 16

Control & Placebo, operationalism, replication & meta-analysis

Question 17

What is control

Answer 17

The control of variables in an experiment

Question 18

What is the placebo effect

Answer 18

improvements due to participants’ expectations rather than the actual treatment

Question 19

What is Operationalism

Answer 19

Specific and consistent definitions of the variables and how they are measured

Question 20

What is replication

Answer 20

Before we can trust the results, we need to be able to replicate the results

Question 21

What is meta-analysis

Answer 21

A quantitative technique for describing the relationship between variables across multiple studies

Question 22

What is a Theory

Answer 22

Explanation of phenomena through analysis of facts, usually suggesting further hypothesis and research

Question 23

What are the 3 parts in the role of Theory

Answer 23

1. integrates existing data
2. explains results of previous research
3. encourages continuous theory and observation

Question 24

What is the inductive part of science

Answer 24

The context of discovery

Question 25

What is the deductive part of science

Answer 25

The context of justification

Question 26

What are the 4 qualities a scientist should possess

Answer 26

1. curiosity 2. patience 3. objectivity 4. comfort with change

Question 27

What are the 4 objectives of Psychological research

Answer 27

1. Description 2. Explanation 3. Prediction 4. Control

Question 28

What is the description in psychological research

Answer 28

portraying the phenomenon accurately

Question 29

What is the explanation in psychological research

Answer 29

Identifying the causes of the phenomenon

Question 30

What is the prediction in psychological research

Answer 30

Anticipation of outcome and identifying risk factors

Question 31

What is the control in psychological research

Answer 31

manipulation of the conditions

Question 32

When we search for evidence of what we already believe to be true, this is called

Answer 32

Confirmation Bias

Question 33

What are the 6 data collection methods

Answer 33

1. Tests 2. Surveys 3. Interviews 4. Focus groups 5. Observation 6. Existing data

Question 34

What data collection method has high reliability and Validity

Answer 34

Tests

Question 35

What data collection method has moderately high reliability and validity as well as cost-effectiveness and provides anonymity

Answer 35

Questionnaires and surveys

Question 36

What data collection method has moderately high reliability and validity but is time consuming and expensive with a potential for bias

Answer 36

Interviews

Question 37

What data collection method is not useful when you are trying to measure your variables

Answer 37

Focus groups

Question 38

What data collection method is best over a short period of time

Answer 38

Observation

Question 39

What kind of time-based research can't comment on the direction of the relationship but is inexpensive and efficient

Answer 39

a cross-sectional study

Question 40

What kind of time-based research can comment on the direction of the relationship but is expensive and time consuming

Answer 40

a Longitudinal study

Question 41

Where do research ideas come from

Answer 41

Usually, practical issues where a better technique is needed

Question 42

When conducting research, once you have a research topic, what is the next step

Answer 42

Conduct a critical review to find out what is and isn't known about the topic

Question 43

When conducting research, once you have done your critical review, what is the next step

Answer 43

Write the research question about 2 or more variables that allow for empirical research that can be observed and measured

Question 44

When conducting research, once you have done your research question, what is the next step

Answer 44

Writing a hypothesis about the relationship between the variables that is clear and easily testable

Question 45

What are the 4 considerations of feasibility of a study

Answer 45

1. time 2. expense 3. ethical 4. effort required to collect data