Intelligence Flashcards by Jyllen Arambulo

Multifaceted capacity that manifests itself in different ways across all life span.

Intelligence

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Existence of systematic individual differences in the performance of tasks that involve the manipulation, retrieval, evaluation or processing of information.

Intelligence

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According to him, intelligence is inherited and that mental processes cannot be separated because they interact together.

Francis Galton

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Francis Galton posited that the most intelligent person’s were those equipped with the best __.

Sensory abilities

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According to him, intelligence is the degree of availability of one’s experiences for the solution of his present problems and the anticipation of future ones.

Henry Goddard

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She developed the cognition in children and state that intelligence may be conceived of as a kind of evolving biological adaptation to the outside world.

Jean Piaget

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Refers to organized action of mental structure that when applied to the world leads to knowing or understanding.

Schema/Schemata

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He defined intelligence as the aggregate of the global capacity of the individuals to act purposefully, to think rationally and to deal effectively with his environment.

David Wechsler

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Lewis Terman believed that the _ meant to quantify intellectual functioning to allow comparison among individuals.

Intelligence quotient or IQ

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Formula to get IQ.

Mental age/ Chronological age x 100

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What model did Charles Spearman developed?

Model of General Mental Ability or Two Factor Theory Intelligence

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What are the 2 factor theory of intelligence?

General ability (g)
Special abilities (s)

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Ability required for performance of mental tests of all kinds; Spearman called this kind of “mental energy” that underlies the specific factors.

General ability (g)

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Abilities required for performance on just one kind of mental test.

Special abilities (s)

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What are the 7 primary mental abilities according to Louis Leon Thurstone?

Verbal comprehension
Word Fluency
Number
Space
Associative memory
Perceptual speed
Induction or General Reasoning

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Raymond Cattell believed that “g’s” has two related but distinct components which are:

Fluid Intelligence
Crystallized Intelligence

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The ability to see relationships as in analogies and letters and numbers series. Primary reasoning ability. It decreases as one ages.

Fluid Intelligence

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Acquired knowledge and skills or also known as Factual knowledge. This increases with age.

Crystallized Intelligence

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He proposed additional factors to Cattell’s types, which include vulnerable and maintained abilities.

John L. Horn

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What factors did John L. Horn proposed to add to Cattell’s?

Visual processing (Gv)
Auditory processing (Ga)
Quantitative processing (Gq)
Speed Processing (Gs)
Reading and writing (Grw)
Short-term memory (Gsm)
Long term storage and retrieval (Glr)

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What theory did John B. Carrol proposed?

Three Stratum Theory

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How many abilities and processes is the second stratum of 3 Stratum theory composed of?

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What is the composition of the first stratum in 3 Stratum theory?

Level/speed factor each

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Who is the proponent of Cattle-Horn-Carrol model? (CHC)

Kevin McGrew

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Integration of two models.

Broad Stratum

What model has the exclusion of G, since it has little relevance to cross battery assessment and interpretation?

CHC Model

How many board stratum abilities and narrow abilities are there in CHC Model?

9; 70

He proposed that intelligence comprises 180 elementary abilities and those are made up of a combination of 3 dimensions.

Joy Paul Guilford

What are the 3 dimensions combined to have 180 elementary abilities?

Operation Content Product

Who proposed the Hierarchial Theory of Intelligence?

Philip E. Vernon

Which theories had the gap that the Hierarchical Theory of Intelligence addressed?

Spearman's Two Factor Theory (mainly about g's) and Thurstone Multiple Factors theory (s has bigger role than g)

This theory defined intelligence as comprising abilities of carrying levels of generality, "g" with the largest source of variance between individual's verbal-numerical-educational and practical-mechanical-spatial "s".

Hierarchial Theory of Intelligence

He believes that each mental activity requires an aggregate different set of abilities.

Edward Lee Thorndike

What are the 4 attributes of Abstract Intelligence?

Level Range Area Speed

What did Howard Gardner develop?

Multiple Intelligence Theory

What are the 7 intelligences according to Multiple Intelligence Theory?

Verbal Mathematical Musical Spatial Kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal

Russian neuropsychologist who developed the theory on information processing.

Aleksandra Luria

What are the 2 basic types of information processing?

Simultaneous (Parallel) Successive (Sequential)

Refers to the process where information is integrated all at one time.

Simultaneous (Parallel)

Refers to the process where information is individually processed in sequence.

Successive (Sequential)

Reflects the general capacity for performing intellectual tasks such as solving verbal and mathematical problems.

IQ scores

The average IQ Score and standard deviation of IQ score.

100 15

How many percentage of people have IQ scores between: 90-100 over 130: superior in intelligence Under 70: mentally deficient/impaired/retarded Over 140: near genius

50 2.5 2.5 0.5

The properties of normal distribution apply to IQ scores: _ of IQ scores fall between 90 to 110 85-115 70-130 60-140

50% 70% 95.5 % 99.5 %

5% of people have IQ _ and this is generally considered the benchmark for intellectual deficiency.

Under 70

A condition of limited mental ability in that it produces difficulty in adopting to the demands of life.

Intellectual Deficiency

What are the 5 levels of mental retardation?

50-70 Below average 40-35 mild mental retardation 35-20 moderate mental retardation 20-35 severe mental retardation <20 Profound mental retardation

What is the task used to measure the intelligence of infants?

Structured interview with examinee's parents Sensorimotor tasks

What is the task used to measure older children's intelligence?

Tasks designed to yield measure of the general information, vocabulary, social judgments and the other. Verbal & performance abilities

To what purpose usually are adults' intelligence tests?

Clinical, career or vocational placement

An index that refers to the chronological age equivalent of one's performance on a test or subtest. Typically derived by reference norms that indicate age at which most testtakers are able to pass to otherwise meet some criterion of performance.

Mental age

What are the issues in intelligence test?

Nature Vs Nurture Preformation vs Predeterminism Inheritance vs interactionism Personality Gender Family Environment Culture

All living are preformed at birth, all organism structures including intelligence are preformed at birth and therefore cannot be improved.

Preformationism

One's abilities are predetermined by genetic inheritance and that no amount of learning or other intervention can enhance what has been genetically encoded to unfold in time.

Predeterminism

People inherit certain intellectual potential.

Inheritance

Exactly how much of the genetic potential is realized depends partiality on the type of environment in which it was nurtured.

Interactionism

Intelligence may start to decline at the age of _. But recent studies show that it can start to decline as early as _ and _.

75 20's and 30's

_ children tend to maintain their intellectual superiority.

Gifted

He authored the article "the means IQ of American: Massive gains from 1932 to 1978.

James R. Flynn

This effect states that intelligence seems to rise on average, year by year.

Flynn Effect

A person who knows his or her way on the street.

Streetwise

Refers to the perceived ability to avoid violent confrontation and to be safe in one's neighborhood.

Street Efficacy

They tend to perform better in tests that measure "g" and visual spatialization.

Men

Children who thrive in a loving and secured family environment tend to do well in terms of intelligence because their environment gives opportunities for learning and growth.

Family Environment-Intelligence

The family environment begins inside a mother's womb.

Maternal effect

Defined as the extent to which a test has incorporated the vocabulary, concepts, traditions, knowledge and feelings associated with a particular culture.

Culture loading

This kind of test was designed to minimize the effects of culture loading.

Culture fair

Who records the responses for individual vs group intelligence tests?

Individual- examiners Group- Subjects record own responses