Interacting with the Environment Flashcards
selective attention
the process by which one input is attended to and the rest are tuned out
attended channel
the information one is instructed to listen to
unattended channel
the information one is supposed to ignore
Broadbent Filter Model of Selective Attention
inputs from the environment first enter a sensory buffer. One of these inputs is then selected and filtered based on physical characteristics of its input (ex. modality), this theoretical filter is designed to keep us from becoming overloaded and overwhelmed with information. other sensory info stays in the sensory buffer briefly but then quickly decays. the information is raw data filtered, which will enter short-term memory stores in the next step
cocktail party effect
when information of personal importance from previously unattended channels catches our attention
Anne Treisman’s Attenuation Model
rather than a filter, the mind has an attenuator, which “turns down the volume” of the unattended sensory input, rather than eliminating it
selective priming
suggests that people can be selectively primed to observe something, either by encountering it frequently or by having an expectation
spotlight model
describes the movement of attention: shifts in attention precede corresponding eye movements, shifting of attention requires us to unlock the beam from its current target, move the focus, and lock onto a new target
binding problem
the problem of how all these different aspects of visual processing are assembled together and related to a single object, rather than something else in the visual field
divided attention
concerns when and if we are able to perform multiple tasks simultaneously
resource model of attention
we have a limited pool of resources on which to draw when performing tasks, both modality-specific resources and general resources.
what are three factors associated with performance on multi-tasking?
task similarity, task difficulty, task practice
information-processing models
focuses on how information is processed. assumes that info is taken in from the environment and processed through steps including: attention, perception, storage into memory
Alan Baddeley’s model
sought to redefine short-term memory (working memory) in which it consists of four components: phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, episodic buffer, central executive
phnological loop
allows us to repeat verbal information to help us remember it
visuospatial sketchpad
helps to remember visuospatial information through the use of mental images
episodic buffer
integrates information from the phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad with a sense of time, and to interface with loop term memory stores
central executive
oversees the entire process and orchestrates it by shifting and dividing attention
schemas
mental frameworks that shape and are shaped by our experiences
assimilate
experiences are conformed into our existing schemas
accomodate
adjust our schemas to take into account new experiences
what is Piaget’s theory of four developmental stages?
Sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, concrete operational stage, functional operational stage
sensorimotor stage
birth-2: learn about object permanence, demonstrate stranger anxiety
object permanence
the understanding that things continue to exist when they are out of sight
