interactionism and labelling theory

Question 1

what do criminals do?

Answer 1

break the law

Question 2

Beckers quote on labelling theory

Answer 2

Deviant behaviour is behaviour people so label

Question 3

what do labelling theorists look at?

Answer 3

how and why rules and laws get made.

Question 4

what are moral entrepeneurs?

Answer 4

People who lead a moral crusade to change the law.

Question 5

acccording to Becker what are the two effects of law changing?

Answer 5

1.creates a new group of outsiders
2.expands social control agencies to impose labels on offender

Question 6

what does platt argue about juvenile delinquency?

Answer 6

created by u/c victorian moral entrepeneurs, it established juveniles as a separate category of offenders and extend its power

Question 7

what does becker argue social agent control campaign for? and why?

Answer 7

changes in law to give them more power

Question 8

what factors depend on whether a person is arrested, charged and convicted?

Answer 8

interactions with social agencies, their CAGE, context of the offence.

Question 9

what are typifications?

Answer 9

stereotypes of what a typical delinquent are

leading to police focusing on a type

Question 10

what did police typifications lead to?

who came up with this concept

Answer 10

led to police bias of w/c ares leading to more arrests confirming their bias

cicourel

Question 11

what is the negotiation of justice?

Answer 11

justice is negotiatable for example mc youths are less likely to be charged

Question 12

according to the negotiation of justice why did mc youths not get arrested?

Answer 12

they didnt fit the typifications of a criminal

Question 13

how do interactionist see crime stats

Answer 13

as a social construct

Question 14

what does crime stats show about the criminal justice system?

Answer 14

show thee activities of the crimianl justice system rather than the crime itself.

Question 15

what is the dark figure of crime

Answer 15

difference between the real rate and the official statistic of crime

Question 16

what is alternative statistics?

Answer 16

the use of victim surveys and self reports to gain more accurate amount of crime

Question 17

which sociologist came up with the distinction between primary and secondary deviance?

Answer 17

Lemert

Question 18

what does primary deviance mean?

Answer 18

devaint acts that havent been labelled yet

Question 19

what is secondary deviance?

Answer 19

person is already labelled as a deviant but still commits

Question 20

why does Lemert think its pointless to seek causes of primary deviance?

Answer 20

because it is so widespread

Question 21

what is a master status?

Answer 21

when an individual is labelled other see them as that label and becomes their identity

Question 22

what does the master status lead to?

Answer 22

it leads to self concept or self fulfilling prophecy as they may end up aiming to live up that label

Question 23

what is a deviant career?

Answer 23

secondary deviance promotes more hostile reactions reinforces outsider status leading to more crime

Question 24

what is the study of the hippies in notting hill?

Answer 24

drug use wasn’t the main part of their identity but due to labelking and persecution it led to them isolating creating a deviant subculture. drug use became a central part of their identity.

Question 25

who came up with the study of the hippies?

Answer 25

Young

Question 26

what is the deviance amplification spiral?

Answer 26

when the attempts of controlling deviancy leads to an increase in deviancy

Question 27

what are the affects of the deviance amplification spiral?

Answer 27

leads to more attmpts to control leading to more deviancy

Question 28

what was cohens study? | deviance amplification spiral

Answer 28

folk devils and moral panic, a study on the mods and rockers in the 70s

Question 29

how did the mods and rockers lead to a deviance amplification spiral?

Answer 29

press exaggeration and distortion began a moral panis calling for a crackdown leading to mor arrests and harsher penalties provoking more public concern. the mods and rockers were marginalised from society causing more crime and deviancy

Question 30

what is disintergative shaming? (Braithewaite)

Answer 30

where both the crime and the criminal is labelled as bad and excluded from society

Question 31

what is reintegrative shaming?

Answer 31

labels the act not the actor

Question 32

who came up with the concept of disintegrative and reintegrative shaming?

Answer 32

Brathwaite

Question 33

why is reintegrative shaming beneficial?

Answer 33

it becomes easier for the actor to be welcomed back into society

Question 34

what type of shaming does braithwaite argue slows down crime rates?

Answer 34

reintegrative.

Question 35

what did durkheims study of suicide show?

Answer 35

showed he found the causes of suicide in how people are effectively sociolaised

Question 36

why is douglas critical of official statistics when studying suicide?

Answer 36

it is socially constructed and show more about the activities of those who construct them.

Question 37

what method does douglas say is more effective to study the meanings behind suicide?

Answer 37

use qualitative methods such as suicide notes to allow us to 'get behind' the label

Question 38

example of stats showing activites instead of act

Answer 38

a coroner with strong religious beliefs may be reluctant to label a death as a suicide

Question 39

what does atkinson argue official stats show

Answer 39

a record of the lobels coroners attach to deaths

Question 40

instead of stats what does atkinson focus on when looking at death

Answer 40

he focuses on the taken for granted assumptions coroners make when reaching their verdict. | if the deceased took more than ten sleeping pills then it is a suicid

Question 41

who studied paranoia?

Answer 41

Lemert

Question 42

what did lemerts study on paranoia show

Answer 42

some dont fit easily into groups. due to this primary deviance others label them and begin to exclude him leading to secondary deviance further excluding them

Question 43

outline the process of becoming labelled as paranoid or mentally ill | lemert

Answer 43

1. individual dont fit into group 2. become labelled as odd 3. become excluded 4. leads to secondary deviance 5. further exclusion 6. lead to psychiatric intervention 7. officially labelled against will 8. becomes master status

Question 44

what was rosenhans study of pseudo patient

Answer 44

researchers admitted themselves into hospitals claiming they could hear voices despite acting normal 'mentally ill' became their master status

Question 45

what is goffmans study on instutionalism

Answer 45

*asylums*

Question 46

what is the process of mortificication

Answer 46

on admittance prisoners symbolically kill their old self

Question 47

what some inmates/prisoners do when institutionalised?

Answer 47

adopt various forms of resistance to accomodate to their new situation

Question 48

Evaluate the labelling theory

Answer 48

too deterministic emphasises the negative effects of labelling focus on less serious crime such as drug use